Table 3.
Estimation of risk assessment by hazard quotient for mean concentrations of residues in milk and milk product samples.
| Antibiotic Tested | ADI a (μg/Day) |
Sample Type | EDI b (μg/Day) |
Hazard Quotient |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ampicillin | 210 | Pasteurized Milk | 12.32 ± 0.399 a | 0.059 ± 0.002 a |
| Sterilized Milk | 12.57 ± 0.41 a | 0.059 ± 0.002 a | ||
| White soft cheese | 2.77 ± 0.364 b | 0.013 ± 0.002 b | ||
| Processed cheese | 3.19 ± 0.14 b | 0.015 ± 0.001 b | ||
| p-value | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||
| Total | 8.55 ± 1.71 | 0.041 ± 0.006 | ||
| Amoxicillin | 140 | Pasteurized Milk | 12.32 ± 0.515 a | 0.088 ± 0.004 a |
| Sterilized Milk | 13.27 ± 0.589 a | 0.095 ± 0.004 a | ||
| White soft cheese | 3.13 ± 0.16 b | 0.022 ± 0.001 b | ||
| Processed cheese | 3.38 ± 0.667 b | 0.024 ± 0.005 b | ||
| p-value | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||
| Total | 7.18 ± 1.42 | 0.051 ± 0.01 | ||
| Tetracycline | 2100 | Pasteurized Milk | 573.09 ± 38.09 a | 0.273 ± 0.018 a |
| Sterilized Milk | 464.71 ± 63.22 a | 0.221 ± 0.03 a | ||
| White soft cheese | 64.38 ± 6.55 b | 0.031 ± 0.003 b | ||
| Processed cheese | 145.63 ± 43.19 b | 0.069 ± 0.021 b | ||
| p-value | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | ||
| Total | 315.82 ± 59.74 | 0.15 ± 0.028 | ||
| Oxytetracycline | 2100 | Pasteurized Milk | 430.29 ± 84.17 a | 0.205 ± 0.04 a |
| Sterilized Milk | 277.86 ± 26.52 ab | 0.132 ± 0.013 ab | ||
| White soft cheese | 61.99 ± 13.19 b | 0.029 ± 0.006 b | ||
| Processed cheese | 69.59 ± 11.67 b | 0.033 ± 0.006 b | ||
| p-value | 0.003 | 0.003 | ||
| Total | 243.84 ± 49.79 | 0.116 ± 0.024 |
bw: Body weight. a ADI: Acceptable daily intake data for tetracycline, oxytetracycline, ampicillin, and amoxicillin (μg/kg bw/day) were derived from the Codex Alimentarius Commission standards [28] and calculated for 70 kg body weight individuals. b EDI: Estimated daily intake (μg/kg bw/day) was calculated using the following formula: (milk consumption × mean concentration of residue in milk)/body weight (70 kg) [17].