Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants.
| Variables | Experimental Group (n = 55) |
1st Control Group (n = 52) |
2nd Control Group (n = 53) |
One-Way ANOVA F/X2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years M (SD) | 79.23 (6.58) | 78.46 7.25 | 76.07 7.50 | F (2, 2.87), p = 0.06 |
| MMSE | 23.45 (2.00) | 22.73 2.04 | 23.41 1.59 | F (2, 2.42), p = 0.09 |
| Education | χ2 (2, N = 160) = 1.27, p = 0.28 | |||
| University, n (%) | 32 (58.2) | 23 (44.2) | 24 (45.3) | |
| High School, n (%) | 14 (25.5) | 16 (30.8) | 18 (34) | |
| Family status | χ2 (2, N = 160) = 0.19, p = 0.82 |
|||
| Married n (%) | 35 (63.5) | 33 (63.5) | 33 (62.3) | |
| Widow n (%) | 17 (30.9) | 13 (25) | 17 (32.1) | |
| Divorced | 1 (1.8) | 1 (1.8) | 2 (3.8) | |
| Live together | χ2 (2, N = 160) = 0.14, p = 0.86 | |||
| Husband/Wife | 34 (61.8) | 35 (67.3) | 33 (62.3) | |
| Child | 11 (20) | 8 (15.4) | 6 (11.3) | |
| Take care | - | 3 (5,8) | 1 | |
| Alone | 10 (18.2) | 6 (11.5) | 10 (18.9) | |
| Have children | χ2 (2, N = 160) = 2,87, p = 0.06 | |||
| Yes | 53 (96.4) | 52 (100) | 44 (83) | |
| No | 2 (3.6) | - | 9 (17) | |
| Number of children | F (2, 2.67), p = 0.07 | |||
| 1 child | 14 (25.5) | 13 (25) | 23 (43.4) | |
| 2 children | 33 (60) | 32 (61.5) | 19 (35.8) | |
| Profession | χ2 (2, N = 160) = 2,37, p = 0.09 | |||
| Civil servant | 10 (18.2) | 5 (9.6) | 6 (11.3) | |
| Teacher | 7 (12.7) | 7 (13.5) | 9 (17) | |
| Housework | 6 (10.9) | 5 (9.6) | 7 (13.2) | |
| Private servant | 5 (9.1) | 16 (30.8) | 6 (11.3) | |
| Chief engineering in military navy | 3 (5.5) | 1 (1.9) | 1 (1.9) | |
| Salesman | 1 (1.8) | - | - | |
| Falls | F (2, 0.99), p = 0.37 | |||
| No falls | 32 (58.2) | 33 (653.5) | 33 (62.3) | |
| 1 fall | 14 (25.5) | 10 (19.2) | 16 (30.2) | |
| 2 falls | 8 (14.5) | 9 (17.3) | 4 (7.5) |
The italics are the demographic characteristics of the participants.