Table 2.
Predictors of length of hospital stay and total charges of patients receiving PCC Compared to the non-PCC group.
| Have at Least 1 Encounter of PCC a | LOS b (>4 Days) | Inflation-Adjusted Total Charges, R-sq = 44.93% | |
|---|---|---|---|
| aOR (95% CI) | aOR | Adjusted Estimate | |
| Palliative Care Encounter (PCC) | 1.167 (1.135, 1.200) | −5452 (−5968, −4936) | |
| Length of hospital stay (>4 days) | 5399 (5241, 5557) | ||
| Patient Characteristics | |||
| Age | |||
| <40 (reference) | |||
| 40–49 | 0.936 (0.873, 1.004) | 1.092 (1.057, 1.129) | −1448 (−2053, −833) |
| 50–59 | 1.062 (0.995, 1.134) | 1.278 (1.239, 1.319) | −2805 (−3392, −2218) |
| 60–69 | 1.082 (1.013, 1.157) | 1.331 (1.290, 1.373) | −3896 (−4482, −3310) |
| 70+ | 1.253 (1.169, 1.342) | 1.424 (1.379, 1.470) | −8365 (−8965, −7766) |
| Race | |||
| White (reference) | |||
| Black | 1.115 (1.074, 1.158) | 1.234 (1.211, 1.258) | 16 (−364, 395) |
| Other | 1.080 (1.037, 1.125) | 1.040 (1.019, 1.062) | 5337 (4936, 5739) |
| Insurance Payer | |||
| Private (reference) | |||
| GOV c | 0.944 (0.910, 0.979) | 1.226 (1.207, 1.246) | −2236 (−2541, −1930) |
| Other | 1.970 (1.861, 2.085) | 1.043 (1.009, 1.079) | −4807 (−5336, −4277) |
| Median household income category for patient’s zip code | |||
| 0–25th percentile | 1.166 (1.120, 1.213) | 0.976 (0.957, 0.995) | 1830 (1471, 2188) |
| 26th to 50th percentile (median) | 1.051 (1.013, 1.091) | 1.001 (0.983, 1.019) | −1020 (−1337, −702) |
| 51st to 75th percentile | 1.058 (1.021, 1.097) | 0.996 (0.979, 1.013) | 4 (−311, 318) |
| 76th to 100th percentile (reference) | |||
| Hospital Characteristics | |||
| Bed size of hospital | |||
| Small | 0.873 (0.838, 0.910) | 0.717 (0.703, 0.732) | −6273 (−6636, −5910) |
| Medium | 0.995 (0.965, 1.026) | 0.885 (0.871, 0.898) | −3657 (−3914, −3399) |
| Large (reference) | |||
| Location/teaching status of hospital | |||
| Rural | 0.619 (0.586, 0.654) | 0.759 (0.741, 0.778) | −17,032 (−17,376, −16,688) |
| Urban nonteaching | 0.663 (0.644, 0.682) | 0.994 (0.980, 1.008) | −4085 (−4343, −3827) |
| Urban teaching (reference) | |||
| Region of hospital | |||
| Northeast | 0.774 (0.744, 0.805) | 1.428 (1.401, 1.456) | −19,793 (−20,233, −19,353) |
| Midwest | 0.889 (0.852, 0.928) | 1.199 (1.173, 1.226) | −25,738 (−26,136, −25,339) |
| South | 0.848 (0.818, 0.879) | 1.243 (1.221, 1.266) | −23,277 (−23,636, −22,917) |
| West (reference) | |||
| Comorbidities | |||
| Sepsis | 2.490 (2.291, 2.707) | 1.377 (1.287, 1.474) | 12,087 (9849, 14,326) |
| Weight loss | 2.821 (2.727, 2.918) | 2.003 (1.956, 2.050) | 4220 (3607, 4832) |
| Acute renal failure | 1.993 (1.913, 2.077) | 1.605 (1.560, 1.650) | 13,278 (12,574, 13,981) |
| Pneumonia | 1.315 (1.232, 1.403) | 2.197 (2.103, 2.296) | 19,091 (17,539, 20,643) |
| Dehydration | 1.547 (1.483, 1.615) | 0.934 (0.909, 0.959) | −3707 (−4108, −3306) |
| UTI d | 1.138 (1.094, 1.185) | 2.015 (1.970, 2.060) | 76 (−483, 635) |
| Acute cardiac event | 1.064 (1.020, 1.110) | 1.448 (1.416, 1.482) | 1610 (1101, 2119) |
| Acute pulmonary event | 2.723 (2.603, 2.848) | 1.839 (1.782, 1.899) | 25,769 (24,774, 26,764) |
| Acute cerebrovascular event | 1.628 (1.180, 2.245) | 3.981 (3.217, 4.926) | 42,816 (34,956, 50,676) |
| Acute hepatic failure | 3.093 (2.751, 3.476) | 0.792 (0.719, 0.874) | 7268 (4717, 9819) |
a PCC, palliative care consultation. b LOS, length of stay. c GOV, government (Medicare or Medicaid). d UTI, urinary tract infection.