. 2024 Nov 17;12(11):2627. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12112627

Table 3.

Etiology of acute pancreatitis [1,2,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62].

More Common Causes	Less Common Causes
Gallstones Alcohol use Hypertriglyceridemia Drug-induced pancreatitis Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) Idiopathic Ampullary stenosis (or sphincter of Oddi dysfunction type I) Trauma Smoking Toxins (e.g., scorpion venom, organophosphate poisoning) Renal disease (e.g., hemodialysis)	Malignancy/tumor Autoimmune pancreatitis (Type I and II) Hyperparathyroidism Hypercalcemia Viral infections (e.g., coxsackie, cytomegalovirus, echovirus, Epstein–Barr virus, hepatitis A/B/C, HIV, mumps, rubella, and varicella) Bacterial infections (e.g., Campylobacter jejuni, Legionella, Leptospirosis, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Mycoplasma) Genetic disorders (e.g., hereditary pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, α1-antitrypsin deficiency) Parasitic infections (Ascaris lumbricoides, Cryptosporidium, Clonorchis sinensis, Microsporidia) Congenital anomalies (e.g., annular pancreas) Vasculitis (e.g., polyarteritis nodosa, systemic lupus erythematosus)

More Common Causes

Less Common Causes

Malignancy/tumor
Autoimmune pancreatitis (Type I and II)
Hyperparathyroidism
Hypercalcemia
Viral infections

(e.g., coxsackie, cytomegalovirus, echovirus, Epstein–Barr virus, hepatitis A/B/C, HIV, mumps, rubella, and varicella)
Bacterial infections (e.g., Campylobacter jejuni, Legionella, Leptospirosis, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Mycoplasma)
Genetic disorders (e.g., hereditary pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, α1-antitrypsin deficiency)
Parasitic infections (Ascaris lumbricoides, Cryptosporidium, Clonorchis sinensis, Microsporidia)
Congenital anomalies (e.g., annular pancreas)
Vasculitis (e.g., polyarteritis nodosa, systemic lupus erythematosus)