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. 2024 Oct 30;12(11):2491. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12112491

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© 2024 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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A flowchart illustrating the selection and matching process of patients and the control group from the Korean National Health Insurance Service Health Screening Cohort (KNHIS-HSC). The process involved several steps including initial screening, application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, and final matching of patients with controls. Ultimately, 16,744 GERD patients were matched with 66,976 control participants based on age, sex, income, and region of residence from a total of 514,866 individuals.