Anti-inflammatory effects of CLH gel on P. gingivalis-infected RAW264.7 cells. (a) iNOS and IL-1β mRNA levels in RAW264.7 cells after P. gingivalis (MOI = 100) stimulation for 6 h, with 1 µg/mL CLH treatment. (b) iNOS protein expression under the same conditions. (c) Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) line graph of functional gene set enrichment scores. (d) Heatmap of differentially expressed genes in the Type II interferon network, ranked by enrichment score. (e) mRNA levels of irf8, stat2, socs1, psmb9, tap1, irf1, IL-1β, and stat1 under the same conditions. (f) Protein expressions of IRF8, STAT2, SOCS1, IRF1, IL-1β, and STAT1 in RAW264.7 cells after stimulation with P. gingivalis combined with 1 µg/mL CLH for 6 h. with 1 µg/mL CLH. Statistical analysis was performed with one-way ANOVA. ns, no significance. ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; **** p < 0.0001.