Table 1.

Benchmark functions.

Function	Range	Min
F1(Sphere)	[−100, 100]	0
F2(Schwefel 2.22)	[−10, 10]	0
F3(Schwefel 1.2)	[−100, 100]	0
F4(Schwefel 2.21)	[−100, 100]	0
F5(Rosenbrock)	[−30, 30]	0
F6(Step)	[−100, 100]	0
F7(Quartic)	[−1.28, 1.28]	0
F8(Ackley)	[−32, 32]	0
F9(Penalized 1.1)	[−50, 50]	0
F10(Penalized 1.2)	[−50, 50]	0