Skip to main content
. 2024 Nov 5;13(22):3532. doi: 10.3390/foods13223532

Figure 7.

Figure 7

Effects of LMAF on modulating inflammation and intestinal barrier dysfunction in LPS-stimulated Caco-2 and RAW264.7 co-cultures. (A) Possible mechanisms of LMAF on ameliorating inflammation in RAW264.7 cells. (B) Experssion levels of transcripts in TNF signaling pathway involved in ameliorating inflammation (n = 3). Relative mRNA expression changes across all groups in RNA-seq analysis were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD post hoc test (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001). (C) The effects of fucoidan and acidolyzed hydrolysates on RT-PCR expression of inflammatory related genes (n = 3). Significant differences of each other groups compared to LPS group were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD post hoc test (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001). (D) The effects of fucoidan and acidolyzed hydrolysates on expression of Claudin-1, Occludin, ZO-1, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in Caco-2 cells. Protein levels (green) of ZO-1, Occludin, Claudin-1, and PCNA (red) were detected by immunofluorescence. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI. Scale bar = 100 µm.