Table 3.

Mixed effect model—inpatient costs.

Parameter	Estimate	Lower 95% CI	Upper 95% CI	p Value
Surgical Group (General is Referent)
Dermatology	−40.32	−60.42	−10.02	0.01
ENT	−2.66	−16.60	13.61	0.73
Medicine	7.13	−11.04	29.01	0.47
Surgical Oncology	−7.07	−22.73	11.76	0.44
Plastic	−15.39	−27.69	−1.00	0.04
Female (Male is Referent)	−11.16	−17.01	−4.90	<0.001
Year (2013 is Referent)
2014	0.60	−8.73	10.88	0.90
2015	3.08	−6.53	13.69	0.54
2016	−2.21	−12.94	9.85	0.71
2017	−3.01	−14.57	10.11	0.64
2018	4.12	−9.58	19.90	0.57
Rural Patient (Urban is Referent)	−11.18	−24.93	5.09	0.17
Payer
Medicaid	8.03	−6.72	25.12	0.30
Medicare	−3.37	−13.17	7.53	0.53
Medicare Managed Care	−7.98	−17.78	3.00	0.15
Other	0.24	−11.64	13.71	0.97
Elixhauser Score	5.44	2.55	8.41	<0.001
Race/Ethnicity (White is Referent)
Black or African American	2.53	−15.40	24.25	0.80
Hispanic or Latino	17.20	3.36	32.88	0.01
Patient Region (Northeast is Referent)	0.00	0.00	0.00
Central Florida	−8.67	−21.68	6.50	0.25
Northwest Florida	−6.65	−24.29	15.10	0.52
South Florida	−4.14	−20.78	15.99	0.66
Southeast Florida	−3.41	−17.61	13.25	0.67
Southwest Florida	−7.37	−20.97	8.57	0.34
West Central Florida	−8.51	−21.95	7.24	0.27
Age (10-unit Increase)	−3.08	−6.17	0.12	0.06
Hospital Size (Small is Referent)
Large	0.54	−32.67	50.11	0.98
Medium	14.92	−26.10	78.75	0.54
Physician Surgical Count (10-unit Increase)	1.11	−1.91	4.23	0.47
Number of Procedures Patient Received	16.58	14.65	18.54	<0.0001

Percentage change in the total cost adjusting for the patient, facility, and physician characteristics.