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Effect of moderate water deficit on carotenoids in tomato fruits. (A) Lycopene; (B) lutein; (C) α-carotene; (D) β-carotene. CK: normal irrigation, spontaneously once in 3 days; MD: irrigating once in 6 days. The histogram includes a short vertical line that indicates the mean ± SE (n = 3), while asterisks highlight significant differences between treatments based on the Student’s t-test (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, ns: There was no significant difference).
