| Population | Intervention | Comparator | Study |
| Back pain | Osteopathic manipulation | Sham | Clinical trial |
| Low-back pain | Osteopathic medicine | Placebo | Controlled clinical trial |
| Sciatica | Osteopathic treatment | Simulated | Randomized controlled trial |
| Low-back ache | Osteopathic intervention | Trial | |
| Mechanical low-back pain | Osteopathic manipulative treatment | ||
| Lumbago | |||
| Lower back pain | |||
| Low-back ache | |||
| Low-back ache | |||
| Postural low-back pain | |||
| Neck pain | |||
| Chronic neck pain | |||
| Mechanical neck pain | |||
| Non-specific neck pain | |||
| Non-specific chronic neck pain |