Figure 2.

ABA signaling network and seed development dormancy. The LAFL gene group (LEC1, ABI3, FUS3, and LEC2) primarily functions in seed maturation, while PYL family members PYL11 and PYL12 are specifically expressed in mature seeds to facilitate ABA signaling. The key enzyme in ABA biosynthesis, NCED, promotes seed dormancy by increasing ABA accumulation. In contrast, PP2Cs (e.g., AHG3 and AHG2) and SnRK2s regulate sensitivity to ABA, with PP2Cs acting as negative regulators of seed germination. ABI5 and ABI4 are expressed in mature seeds and embryos, respectively, and play roles in the ABA signaling pathway. MYB inhibits GA biosynthesis, and since GA antagonizes ABA signaling, this interaction affects seed dormancy and germination. DOG1 regulates seed dormancy by inhibiting PP2Cs. In the figure, red arrows indicate positive regulation and blue lines indicate antagonistic interactions.