Table 1.
Cadmium concentrations (mg/kg) by food group analyzed (n = 143).
| Food Group | Foodstuffs Analyzed | Number of Foodstuffs Analyzed (n) | Foodstuffs with Non-Detectable Cd Concentrations n (%) |
Foodstuffs with Detectable Cd Concentrations n (%) |
Mean (SD) of Detectable Cd Concentrations (mg/kg) | Range of Detectable Cd Concentrations (min–max) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baby foods | Apple Juice; Carrot Porridge, Chicken, Vegetables and Rice Porridge; Infant Formula Soy Milk (Brand 1); Infant Formula Soy Milk (Brand 2); Infant Formula Whole Milk (Brand 1); Infant Formula Whole Milk (Brand 2); Infant Formula Whole Milk (Brand 3); Infant Grow and Gain Strawberry Shake; Infant Rice Cereal (Brand 1); Infant Rice Cereal (Brand 2); Strawberry and Apple Cereal Snack. | 12 | 3 (25%) | 9 (75%) | 0.010 (0.002) | 0.004–0.023 |
| Beverages | Bottled Soft Drink; Soluble Coffee. | 2 | 1 (50%) | 1 (50%) | na | na |
| Cereals | Amaranth “Amaranthus spp.”; Breadcrumbs; Breakfast Cereal; Maize “Zea mays”; Maize grain “Zea mays”; Maize Flour; Crackers; French Fries; Oat “Avena sativa”; Potato “Solanum tuberosum”; Pre-Cooked Rice; Rice “Oryza sativa” (Brand 1); Rice “Oryza sativa”(Brand 2); Rice “Oryza sativa” (Brand 3); Rice Cake; Rice Flour; Wheat Cookies; Wheat Flour (Brand 1); Wheat Flour (Brand 2); Wheat Tortillas; White Bread (Bakery); White Bread (Brand 1); Whole Wheat Bread (Bakery); Whole Wheat Bread (Brand 1). | 24 | 1 (4%) | 23 (96%) | 0.026 (0.002) | 0.005–0.069 |
| Condiments and spices | Ancho Chilies “Capsicum annuum”; Black Pepper “Piper nigrum L”; Canned Green Chilies; Chicken Broth Cubes; Chili Powder; Chilies “Capsicum annuum ‘Guajillo”; Guajillo Industrialized Sauce; Mole; Paprika “Capsicum annuum”; Saffron “Crocus sativus”; Turmeric “Curcuma longa”. | 11 | 2 (18%) | 9 (82%) | 0.028 (0.004) | 0.009–0.059 |
| Dairy | Asadero Cheese; Manchego Cheese; Natural Yogurt; Petit Suisse; Whole Liquid Milk (Brand 1); Whole Liquid Milk (Brand 2). | 6 | 6 (100%) | 0 (0%) | na | na |
| Fats and oils | Hass Avocado “Persea americana”; Butter; Lard; Margarine; Mayonnaise; Sour Cream (Brand 1); Sour Cream (Brand 2); Vegetable Oil (Brand 1); Vegetable Oil (Brand 2). | 9 | 7 (78%) | 2 (22%) | 0.008 (0.001) | 0.008–0.009 |
| Fruits | Golden Yellow Apple “Malus domestica ‘golden delicious’”; Grape “Vitis vinifera”; Grapefruit “Citrus paradisi”; Guava “Psidium guajava”; Lime “Citrus autantifolia”; Melon “Cucumis melo”; Orange “Citrus sinensis L.”; Strawberry “Fragaria x anassa”; Ataulfo Mango “Mangifera indica ‘Ataulfo’”; Manila Mango “Mangifera indica ‘Manila”; Banana Tabasco “Musa × paradisiaca”; Papaya “Carica papaya”; Watermelon “Citrullus lanatus”. | 13 | 10 (77%) | 3 (23%) | 0.037 (0.006) | 0.016–0.050 |
| Legumes | Black Beans “Phaseolus vulgaris”; Black Canned Beans; Chickpeas “Cicer arietinum”; Fava Beans “Vicia faba”; Lentils “Lens culinaris”; Lentils Instant Soup; Soybean “Glycine max L. Merr.”; White Beans “Phaseolus vulgaris”. | 8 | 1 (13%) | 7 (87%) | 0.009 (0.002) | 0.006–0.017 |
| Meats, sausages and eggs | Beef (Brand 1); Beef (Brand 2); Chicken, Chicken Liver, Eggs (Brand 1); Eggs (Brand 2); Pork (Brand 1); Pork (Brand 2); Pork Ham (Brand 1); Pork Ham (Brand 2); Sausage “Longaniza”; Turkey Sausages (Brand 1); Turkey Sausages (Brand 2). | 13 | 6 (46%) | 7 (54%) | 0.011 (0.002) | 0.006–0.015 |
| Nuts and seeds | Peanuts; Sunflower Seeds. | 2 | 1 (50%) | 1 (50%) | na | na |
| Seafood | Canned Tuna (Brand 1); Canned Tuna (Brand 2); Fresh Tuna. | 3 | 0 (0%) | 3 (100%) | 0.016 (0.001) | 0.010–0.019 |
| Snacks, sweets and desserts | Chamoy Candy; Chewing Gum; Chocolate Bar; Chocolate Powder; Cocoa Powder; Dark Chocolate Bars; Honey; Jelly; Marzipan Candy; Pastries; Popsicle; Potato Chips (Brand 1); Potato Chips (Brand 2); Sweet Cookie; Tamarind Candy; Tamarind Poblano Candy; Tamarind Popsicle; Wheat Chips. | 18 | 4 (22%) | 14 (78%) | 0.049 (0.005) | 0.004–0.289 |
| Soups | Canned Vegetable Soup; Instant Pasta Soup; Pasta Soup to Prepare. | 3 | 1 (33%) | 2 (67%) | 0.032 (0.003) | 0.030–0.033 |
| Vegetables | Broccoli “Brassica oleracea var. italica”; Cabbage “Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.”; Carrot “Daucus carota subsp. sativus”; Cauliflower “Brassica oleracea var. botrytis”; Chard “Beta vulgaris var. cicla”; Chayote “Sechium edule”; Coriander “Coriandrum sativum”; Cucumbers “Cucumis sativus”; Fresh Green Chilies “Capsicum annuum ‘Serrano’”; Green Beans “Phaseolus vulgaris”; Jicama “Pachyrhizus erosus”; Mushrooms “Agaricus bisporus”; Nopal Cactus “Opuntia ficus-indica L.”; Romaine Lettuce “Lactuca sativa l. var. longifolia”; Saladette Tomatoes “Solanum lycopersicum”; Oyster Mushrooms “Pleorotus ostreatus”; Spinach “Spinacia oleracea”; White Onions “Allium cepa”; Zucchini “Cucurbita pepo L.”. | 19 | 2 (11%) | 17 (89%) | 0.084 (0.011) | 0.006–0.575 |
Abbreviations: Cd: cadmium; na: not applicable because the value corresponds to a concentration <LoQ. Non-detectable concentrations were defined as concentrations below the limit of quantification (<LoQ). Detectable concentrations were defined as concentrations above the limit of quantification (>LoQ).