Figure 11.

Heatmap showing differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in response to acute drought stress involved in photosynthesis and electron transportation pathways. (A) The model of photosynthesis and electron transportation pathways in peanut mesophyll cells. Photosysytem II (psb), cytochrome b₆f complex, photosystem I, and ATP synthase are anchored in the thylakiod membrane. The oxygen-evolving complex in photosystem II resolves water into two molecules of hydrogen and one molecule of oxygen. Electrons reach plastoquinone (PQ) through a circulatory mechanism, which in turn releases a hydrogen ion in the thylakoid. The cytochrome b₆f complex transfers electrons from plastoquinone to plastocyanin (PC), which then transfers electrons to PSI. Finally, electrons reach ferredoxin (Fd) and are reduced. As hydrogen ions flow out of the thylakoid membrane due to a concentration gradient, ATP is synthesized by ATP synthase. (B) Each color patch on the heatmap represents the FPKM value. Red and blue indicate significant upward and downward expression, respectively (log₂|fold-change| ≥ 1).