TABLE V.

Multivariable Linear Regression of Study Characteristics Underlying Variation in Normalized Total Costs^*

Variable	Mean Difference	95% CI		Partial R2†	P Value
		Lower	Upper
Patient characteristics
Age, per 1-year increase	−0.08	−0.16	−0.01	0.005	0.032
BMI, per 1-unit increase	0.01	−0.18	0.19	<0.001	0.945
Male gender	4.98	3.17	6.80	0.032	<0.001
ASA class‡				<0.001
2	0.04	−1.81	1.89		0.966
3	1.38	−3.33	6.09		0.566
Procedure-specific factors
Year of surgery§				0.036
2016	7.00	−2.03	16.03		0.129
2017	7.38	−1.54	16.31		0.105
2018	7.00	−1.78	15.78		0.118
2019	7.45	−1.46	16.36		0.101
2020	13.83	5.02	22.63		0.002
2021	12.15	3.36	20.94		0.007
2022	11.18	2.38	19.99		0.013
Osteoplasty type#				0.087
Acetabuloplasty	5.19	1.38	9.00		0.008
Femoroplasty	8.22	4.85	11.60		<0.001
Combined	14.60	10.86	18.34		<0.001
Labral procedure**				0.332
Repair	23.68	20.10	27.27		<0.001
Augmentation††	23.26	17.83	28.69		<0.001
Reconstruction	71.34	64.44	78.23		<0.001

^*Boldface denotes significance. This model also controlled for surgeon (partial R² = 0.326) and surgery center (partial R² = 0.086)

^†Multiple R² = 0.750.

^‡Reference: ASA class 1.

^§Reference: 2015.

^#Reference: no osteoplasty.

^**Reference: labral debridement.

^††Labral augmentation refers to labral repair with augmentation via capsular autograft^47,48.