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. 2024 Nov 26;70(12):e169–e181. doi: 10.1097/MAT.0000000000002312

Table 4.

Consensus recommendations based on modified Delphi on neuromonitoring/neuroimaging tools during ECMO

Recommendations References
1. Neuromonitoring/Neuroimaging*
1.1 Standardized neuromonitoring and neurological expertise for ECMO patients who are at high risk of developing ABI are recommended 6,32
1.2. Continuous cerebral oximetry, to follow ongoing trends and early detection of ABI, especially for those with peripheral VA ECMO, who are at risk for differential hypoxia, is recommended 15,16,18,19
1.3. Intermittent EEG and SSEP, particularly in comatose patients, are recommended. If available, continuous EEG is especially useful to detect non-convulsive seizures in comatose patients 25
1.4. Pupil assessment is recommended. If available, the use of pupillometry should be considered 7,37
1.5. Early neuroimaging for ECMO patients at risk of ABI based on physical examination and neuromonitoring tools is recommended 32,3436

ABI: acute brain injury; ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; EEG: electroencephalography; SSEP: somatosensory evoked potential; VA: venoarterial.

*

Results of the Delphi survey results are available in the Supplementary Material.