Table 5.

Consensus recommendations based on modified Delphi on bedside physiological targets for ECMO patients for ABI

Recommendations	References
2. Bedside management*
2.1. Serial arterial blood gas sampling in the first 24 h of ECMO support is recommended	4,41,42
2.2. Avoiding arterial hypoxemia (PaO2 < 70 mmHg) is recommended	4,41,42
2.3. Avoiding severe arterial hyperoxia (PaO2 > 300 mmHg), especially for VA ECMO where reperfusion injury risk is high, is recommended	42,44
2.4. For patients with hypercapnia (PaCO2 > 45 mmHg), avoiding rapid change in PaCO2 within the first 24 h of ECMO support is recommended	48
2.5. Continuous monitoring of core temperature and active prevention of fever (> 37.7 °C) are recommended	51,52
2.6. Mild-moderate hypothermia (33–36 °C) for 24–48 h in VA ECMO, especially ECPR, is reasonable and may be considered	51–53
2.7. Hypothermia in VV ECMO is not recommended	51–53
2.8. As optimal ECMO flow and blood pressures are unknown, avoiding hypotension and maintaining mean arterial pressure > 70 mmHg should be considered. Individualized BP goals, based on the patient’s comorbidities, are recommended until further data are available	55,56
2.9. Individualized blood pressure management in ECMO patients, tailored to dynamic cerebral autoregulation function may be reasonable	58

ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ABI: acute brain injury; ECPR: extracorporeal pulmonary resuscitation; PaCO₂: partial pressure of carbon dioxide; PaO₂: partial pressure of oxygen; VA: venoarterial; VV: venovenous.

^*Results of the Delphi survey results are available in the Supplementary Material.