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. 2024 Nov 6;13(22):6669. doi: 10.3390/jcm13226669

Table 4.

Statistical descriptive results of enrolled sample.

HR (95% IC, p-Value)
Clinical factors:
  • -

    Age at surgery (for each increment of one year)

 1.04 (1.01–1.06, p = 0.003)
  • -

    Age at diagnosis

 1.02 (0.99–1.04, p = 0.135)
  • -

    Gender

 0.80 (1.24–0.34, p = 0.601)
  • -

    Duration of disease

 1.07 (1.02–1.12, p = 0.051)
  • -

    Perianal disease

 NA
  • -

    Habit of smoking:
No 1.67 (0.63–4.36, p = 0.295)
Yes 3.08 (0.86–11.04, p = 0.083)
  • -

    Extra-intestinal manifestations

 1.05 (0.41–2.67, p = 0.905)
  • -

    Anti-TNF a

 0.91(0.31–2.63, p = 0.860)
  • -

    Anti-IL22 b

 1.51 (0.19–11.35, p = 0.691)
  • -

    Anti-integrin

 0.96 (0.22–4.21, p = 0.962)
  • -

    Immunosuppressive drugs

 1.14 (0.25–5.02, p = 0.866)
  • -

    Budesonide

 1.08 (0.27–4.27, p = 0.905)
  • -

    Systemic corticosteroids

 0.76 (0.09–5.92, p = 0.796)
  • -

    5-ASA c

 1.46 (0.48–4.38, p = 0.499)
Radiological factors:
  • -

    Small-bowel thickening

 0.96 (0.85–1.09, p = 0.525)
  • -

    Mucosal ulcers

 1.12 (0.50–2.52, p = 0.771)
  • -

    Stratified CE

 NA
  • -

    Halo fatty sign

 NA
  • -

    Engorgement of vasa recta

 0.44 (0.05–3.29, p = 0.425)
  • -

    Stenosis (lumen diameter)

 0.78 (0.56–1.08, p = 0.137)
  • -

    Caliber of upstream loop

 1.02 (1.00–1.04, p = 0.088)
  • -

    Sinus tracts

 0.701 (0.31–1.63, p = 0.418)
  • -

    Fistulas

 0.807 (0.35–1.82, p = 0.609)
  • -

    Abscesses

 0.71 (0.24–2.08, p = 0.529)
  • -

    Lymph nodes

 2.34 (0.54–9.98, p = 0.251)
  • -

    Localization in distal ileum

 3.52 (1.19–9.03, p = 0.015)
  • -

    Number of small-bowel pathological loops

 1.15 (1.05–1.27, p = 0.004)
  • -

    Length of small-bowel pathological loops

 1.001(0.99–1.004, p = 0.452)
  • -

    Sum of small-bowel pathological loops

 1.002 (1.00–1.54, p = 0.014)
  • -

    MRI hyperintensity

 NA
  • -

    MRI restriction

 NA
Surgical factors:
  • -

    Laparotomic surgery

 2.17 (0.96–4.86, p = 0.061)
  • -

    Length of resected intestine

 1.01 (1.00–1.02, p = 0.003)
  • -

    Presence of granulomas

 6.00 (1.05–1.27, p = 0.004)
  • -

    Histological involvement of resection margins

 0.77 (0.32–1.78, p = 0.536)
  • -

    Hand-sewn anastomosis

 6.67 (0.89–5.02, p = 0.033)
Postoperative evaluation:
  • -

    Complications

 0.54 (0.21–1.38, p = 0.204)

a Anti-tumor necrosis factor; b anti-interleukin 23; c 5-acetylsalicylic acid.