Figure 2.

Interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 secretion during osteogenesis. The primary human osteoblast-like cells (OBs) were incubated in osteogenesis induction medium (OIM) for 35 days and (A) mineralization of the extracellular matrix (ECM) was quantified by Alizarin Red S staining (n = 13, four replicates each), (C) accompanied by example images of corresponding microscope images (100× magnification; scale bars = 100 µm) and well plates, and (B) alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was measured every week (n = 6, 4 replicates each). The protein concentration (pg/mL) of (D) IL-6 and (E) IL-8 in the supernatant was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (n = 11, two replicates). Means with standard deviation (SD) are shown, and all significances were calculated by Wilcoxon signed-rank test (p ≤ 0.05 (*), p ≤ 0.01 (**), p ≤ 0.001 (***)).