Table 1.
Analysis of case reports and case series.
| Author | Year | Patient, Age | Treatment | Follow-Up (Months) | Recurrence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Braunstein et al. [14] | 1949 | 1 patient | Excision of soft-tissue lesion (blunt dissection) | 4 | No |
| Klinar et al. [15] | 1969 | 1 patient | Surgical excision by extraoral approach, wide margins | 2–3–5 | No |
| Gardner et al. [16] | 1977 | 21 patients | Excision (13 cases), electrocautery, extraction of teeth, removal of small amounts of bone, wide resection of the mandible with retention of the inferior border (1 case) | 11–60 | 3 |
| Patrikiou et al. [17] | 1983 | 1 patient | Excision under general anesthesia with curettage of underlying bone | 8 | No |
| Atkinson et al. [18] | 1984 | 10 patients | Megavoltage radiotherapy (4500 rads in 4 weeks) and 3 cases received adjuvant surgery | - | 1 |
| Schaberg et al. [19] | 1985 | 1 patient | Excision with small margin of normal tissue, subsequent re-excision with larger margin of normal tissue | 42 | No |
| Buchner et al. [20] | 1987 | 13 patients | Excision (initially incomplete in 4 cases but repeat excision performed) | - | 1, peripheral ameloblastic carcinoma from recurrent lesion |
| Ficarra et al. [21] | 1987 | 1 patient | Excision | 60 | No |
| Woo et al. [22] | 1987 | 1 patient | Excision by intraoral approach | 9 | No |
| El-Mofty et al. [23] | 1991 | 11 patients | Excision of the lesion down to the periosteum with small amount of normal tissue | - | 1 |
| Nauta et al. [24] | 1992 | Male, 32 | Excision with an en bloc resection of the adjacent bone of the alveolar process | 12 | No |
| Hernandez et al. [25] | 1992 | 1 patient | Excision down to level of bone (2 lesions) | 24 | 1 |
| Baden et al. [26] | 1993 | 1 patient | Excision | 60 | 2, ameloblastic carcinomas |
| Gurol et al. [27] | 1995 | 8 patients | Complete excision through the periosteum without removing bone or teeth | 3 cases with no follow-up reported, 2 cases 6 months, 1 case 24 m, 1 case 108 m, 1 case 120 m | No |
| Zhu et al. [28] | 1995 | 1 patient | Excision including overlying gingiva and thin lingual alveolar bone | 36 | No |
| Califano et al. [29] | 1996 | 1 patient | Surgical resection of the left maxilla with excision of bone surrounding the tumor | 12 | No |
| Wettan et al. [30] | 2001 | 1 patient | Excision | 36 | 2, with dysplastic change |
| Philipsen et al. [31] | 2001 | 160 patients, 65% males and 35% female (male/female ratio 1.9:1), average age 52.1 years | Conservative supraperiosteal surgical excision with adequate disease-free margins | - | Recurrence rate 16–19% |
| Marucci et al. [32] | 2004 | 1 patient | Radical surgical excision | - | - |
| Lopez-Jornet et al. [33] | 2005 | 1 patient | Excisional biopsy with curettage of the affected mandibular bone | 24 | No |
| Martelli-Jùnior et al. [34] | 2005 | 1 patient | Excision with narrow margin including underlying periosteum | 12 | No |
| Yanamoto et al. [35] | 2005 | 1 patient | En bloc excision together with the maxillary canine and underlying alveolar bone, under local anesthesia; layer of exposed bony surface shaved with a round burr | 180 | No |
| Curtis et al. [36] | 2006 | 1 patient | Resection of the lesion, buccal pad of fat and a mucosal flap for reconstruction | 36 | No |
| LeCorn et al. [37] | 2006 | 1 patient | Excision | 4 | No |
| Gomes et al. [38] | 2007 | 1 patient | Excisional biopsy | 9 | No |
| Yamanishi et al. [39] | 2007 | 1 patient | Complete surgical excision by intraoral approach (blunt dissection) | 7 | No |
| Vanoven et al. [1] | 2008 | Man, 73 | Resection of the tumor en bloc with partial maxillectomy with obturator reconstruction | - | No |
| Ide et al. [40] | 2009 | 1 patient | Excision | 12 | No |
| Beena et al. [41] | 2012 | 1 patient | Excisional biopsy of soft-tissue lesion | - | - |
| Bertossi et al. [42] | 2014 | 1 patient | Resection of lesion with surrounding bone, extraction of the second molar, flap for closure | 24 | No |
| Bhat et al. [43] | 2014 | 1 patient | Excised with a 5 mm margin using diathermy under general anesthesia | 12 | No |
| Lascane et al. [44] | 2014 | 1 patient | Excisional biopsy under local anesthesia | 12 | No |
| Goda et al. [7] | 2015 | 1 patient, female, 69 | Complete surgical excision by intraoral approach (blunt dissection) | 30 | No |
| Borrello et al. [10] | 2016 | Female, 78 | Excisional biopsy | 12 | No |
| Kandagal et al. [45] | 2016 | 1 patient | Complete surgical excision of soft tissue lesion | 24 | No |
| Zhang et al. [8] | 2018 | 25 patients, 22 males and 3 females (M:F = 7.3:1), average age 48.3 years (range 11–81 years, 1 case in pediatric patient) | Excision with or without partial bone resection | Periodic, every 6 months in the first 2 years and at least every 12 months, 3–180 (mean 61) |
1, maybe due to incomplete removal of primary lesion |
| Janardhanan et al. [13] | 2018 | Male, 33 | Excision | 24 | No |
| Nurik et al. [46] | 2018 | 1 patient | Complete surgical excision | - | - |
| Upadhyaya et al. [47] | 2018 | 18 patients, 6 females and 12 males | 12 excisional biopsies, 5 incisional biopsies, 1 unknown | - | - |
| Cadavid et al. [48] | 2019 | 2 patients | Treated conservatively with enucleation plus curettage or cryotherapy | 120 | No |
| On et al. [49] | 2019 | 1 patient | Excisional biopsy of the lesion after the 5 cm incision and dissection of lateral wall of oropharynx by intraoral approach under general anesthesia | - | - |
| Ülker et al. [2] | 2020 | Female, 34 | Excision | 3 | No |
| Vezhavendhan et al. [6] | 2020 | Male, 72 | Excision | - | 1, 6 years after the first excision |