Table 1.

Candidate and validated molecular markers of dihydroartemisinin and piperaquine resistance, as of august 2024.

Molecule	Gene
Dihydroartemisinin	PfK13	F446I, N458Y, C469Y, M476I, Y493H, R539T, I543T, P553L, R561H, P574L, C580Y, R622I, A675V [29]
	PfK13 Candidate	P441L, G449A, C469F, A481V, R515K, P527H, N537I/D, G538V, V568G [29]
	Pfcoronin *	G50E, R100K, E107V [33]
		P76S [34,35]
Piperaquine	PfPlasmepsin II/III	Number of copy > 1 [36]
	Pfcrt	T93S, H97Y, F145I, M343L, G353V [37] C350R [38,39]

* to be further confirmed.