Table 3.
Comparison between lymphoplasmacytic malignancies (LPMs) and MGUS.
| Characteristic | Overall (n = 1135) | LPMs (n = 744) | MGUS (n = 391) | p * |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | <0.001 | |||
| Male | 664 (59%) | 404 (54%) | 260 (66%) | |
| Female | 471 (41%) | 340 (46%) | 131 (34%) | |
| Age (years) | 71 (63–77) | 70 (63–76) | 72 (64–79) | <0.001 |
| Serum MP level (g/dL) | 1.84 (0.64–3.93) | 3.22 (1.41–4.69) | 0.60 (0.32–1.08) | <0.001 |
| Serum IFE types | ||||
| IgG | 559 (49.3%) | 395 (53.1%) | 164 (42%) | |
| IgA | 165 (14.5%) | 131 (17.6%) | 34 (8.7%) | |
| IgM | 68 (6.0%) | 49 (6.6%) | 19 (4.8%) | |
| FLC | 71 (6.3%) | 64 (8.6%) | 7 (1.8%) | |
| Biclonal | 15 (1.3%) | 11 (1.5%) | 4 (1.0%) | |
| Not obtained | 257 (22.6%) | 94 (12.6%) | 163 (41.7%) | |
| FLC_kappa (mg/L) | 57 (18–234) | 55 (14–377) | 59 (29–136) | 0.8 |
| FLC_lambda (mg/L) | 30 (11–160) | 18 (8–319) | 46 (23–120) | <0.001 |
| FLC ratio | <0.001 | |||
| Normal | 206 (21%) | 58 (8.6%) | 148 (51%) | |
| Abnormal | 760 (79%) | 620 (91%) | 140 (49%) | |
| WBC (×103/μL) | 6.0 (4.7–7.6) | 5.6 (4.4–7.2) | 6.7 (5.6–8.8) | <0.001 |
| RBC (×106/μL) | 3.23 (2.75–3.78) | 3.11 (2.68–3.64) | 3.48 (3.01–4.13) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 10.1 (8.7–11.8) | 9.7 (8.4–11.4) | 10.8 (9.5–12.8) | <0.001 |
| RDW (%) | 14.4 (13.3–16.1) | 14.8 (13.5–16.5) | 13.9 (13.0–15.2) | <0.001 |
| Platelet (×103/μL) | 201 (151–254) | 194 (143–251) | 209 (170–272) | <0.001 |
| Lymphocyte (×103/μL) | 1.70 (1.23–2.20) | 1.80 (1.28–2.27) | 1.54 (1.09–2.02) | <0.001 |
| Monocyte (×103/μL) | 0.47 (0.34–0.64) | 0.45 (0.33–0.61) | 0.53 (0.39–0.71) | <0.001 |
| Neutrophil (×103/μL) | 3.40 (2.36–4.85) | 3.07 (2.17–4.43) | 4.08 (3.05–6.20) | <0.001 |
| Reticulocyte count (%) | 1.43 (1.05–2.11) | 1.39 (1.00–2.02) | 1.59 (1.14–2.26) | 0.024 |
| Total protein (g/dL) | 7.8 (6.7–9.6) | 8.9 (7.3–10.2) | 6.9 (6.2–7.5) | <0.001 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.5 (3.0–4.0) | 3.5 (3.1–4.0) | 3.6 (2.9–4.2) | 0.2 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.08 (0.80–1.70) | 1.04 (0.80–1.50) | 1.20 (0.83–2.10) | <0.001 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 20 (14–32) | 19 (14–28) | 22 (15–42) | <0.001 |
| Total calcium (mg/dL) | 9.0 (8.5–9.6) | 9.15 (8.7–9.8) | 8.9 (8.2–9.4) | <0.001 |
| Ionized calcium (mEq/L) | 2.46 (2.38–2.54) | 2.46 (2.38–2.56) | 2.44 (2.34–2.50) | 0.002 |
| ß2-microglobulin (μg/L) | 4374 (2801–7886) | 4675 (2988–8384) | 3434 (2283–6470) | <0.001 |
| CRP (mg/dL) | 0.3 (0.1–1.3) | 0.3 (0.1–1.0) | 0.5 (0.1–3.6) | 0.002 |
| AST (U/L) | 23 (17–31) | 22 (17–29) | 26 (19–34) | <0.001 |
| ALT (U/L) | 17 (11–24) | 16 (11–23) | 18 (12–29) | 0.005 |
| LDH (U/L) | 390 (318–491) | 375 (301–474) | 421 (353–528) | <0.001 |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 309 (122–1130) | 309 (126–970) | 355 (95–2306) | 0.8 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 6.2 (5.0–7.8) | 6.3 (5.0–7.8) | 6.2 (5.0–7.7) | 0.7 |
| Hypertension | <0.001 | |||
| No | 548 (48%) | 387 (52%) | 161 (41%) | |
| Yes | 587 (52%) | 357 (48%) | 230 (59%) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | <0.001 | |||
| No | 829 (73%) | 569 (76%) | 260 (66%) | |
| Yes | 306 (27%) | 175 (24%) | 131 (34%) |
Data are n (%) or median (interquartile range) values. * Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Wilcoxon rank sum test. Abbreviations: MGUS, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance; MP, monoclonal protein; IFE, immunofixation electrophoresis; FLC, free light chain; WBC, white blood cell; RBC, red blood cell; RDW, red cell distribution width; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CRP, C-reactive protein; AST, aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine transaminase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide.