Table 1.
Ingredients and chemical composition of the experimental diets.
| Ingredients (%) | CTRL | TRP1 | TRP2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tuna fish meal 1 | 7.00 | 7.00 | 7.00 |
| CPSP 90 2 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 |
| Fish gelatin 3 | 2.00 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
| Pea protein concentrate 72 (SP) 4 | 3.50 | 3.45 | 3.00 |
| Corn gluten meal 5 | 35.00 | 35.00 | 35.00 |
| Rapeseed meal 6 | 8.00 | 8.00 | 8.00 |
| Sunflower meal 40 7 | 15.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 |
| Wheat meal 8 | 6.80 | 6.80 | 6.80 |
| Vit & Min Premix PV01 9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Antioxidant powder (Verdilox) 10 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
| Sodium propionate 11 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| MAP (Monoammonium phosphate) 12 | 1.60 | 1.60 | 1.60 |
| L-Lysine HCl 99% 13 | 1.20 | 1.20 | 1.20 |
| L-Tryptophan 98% 14 | 0 | 0.05 | 0.5 |
| DL-Methionine 15 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| Soy lecithin—Powder 16 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Fish oil—MIXTURE 17 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 8.5 |
| Fish oil—COATING 18 | 6.00 | 6.00 | 6.00 |
| Total | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Proximate analysis (% dry weight) | |||
| Crude protein | 47.20 | 46.80 | 47.40 |
| Crude fat | 18.50 | 18.9 | 19.2 |
| Fiber | 2.90 | 3.00 | 3.00 |
| Total carbohydrates | 23.4 | 22.7 | 23.6 |
| Ash | 5.60 | 5.60 | 5.70 |
| Energy (kJ g−1) | 18.83 | 18.80 | 19.16 |
1 Tuna meal: 9.9% CP, 61.8% CF, Sopropêche, Wimille, France; 2 CPSP 90: 82% crude protein (CP), 6% crude fat (CF), Sopropêche, France; 3 Fish gelatin, Weishardt International, Liptovsky Mikulas, Slovakia; 4 Pea protein concentrate 72 (SP): 80% CP, 9% CF, Sopropêche, France; 5 Corn gluten meal: 64.14% CP, 5% CF, Sopropêche, France; 6 Rapeseed meal: 36.3% CP, 3.4% CF, UCANORTE XXI, Folgosa, Portugal; 7 Sun flower meal: 42% CP, 3.8% CF, Borsari, Nonantola, Italy; 8 Wheat meal: 11.7% CP, Molisur, Churriana, Spain; 9 Vit and Min Premix PV01: Vitamins (IU or mg kg−1 diet): DL-alpha tocopherol acetate, 100 mg; sodium menadione bisulphate, 25 mg; retinyl acetate, 20,000 IU; DL-cholecalciferol, 2000 IU; thiamin, 30 mg; riboflavin, 30 mg; pyridoxine, 20 mg; cyanocobalamin, 0.1mg; nicotinic acid, 200 mg; folic acid, 15 mg; ascorbic acid, 500 mg; inositol, 500 mg; biotin, 3 mg; calcium panthotenate, 100 mg; choline chloride, 1000 mg, betaine, 500 mg. Minerals (g or mg kg−1 diet): copper sulphate, 9 mg; ferric sulphate, 6 mg; potassium iodide, 0.5 mg; manganese oxide, 9.6 mg; sodium selenite, 0.01 mg; zinc sulphate, 7.5 mg; sodium chloride, 400 mg; excipient wheat middlings, PREMIX Lda, Viana do Castelo, Portugal; 10 Antioxidant powder (Verdilox), Kemin, Veronella, Italy; 11 Sodium propionate, Niacet Corporation, Niagara Falls, NY, USA; 12 MAP (Monoammonium phosphate), Phosphea, Negotin, Serbia; 13 L-Lysine HCl 99%: 93% CP, INDUKERN, Sintra, Portugal; 14 L-Tryptophan 98%, INDUKERN, Portugal; 15 DL-Methionine for Aquaculture: 99% Methionine, Evonik Nutrition and Care GmbH, Dusseldorf, Germany; 16 Soy lecithin—Powder, Lecico P700IPM, LECICO GmbH, Hamburg, Germany; 17 Fish oil—MIXTURE, Sopropêche, France; 18 Fish oil—COATING, Sopropêche, France.