Table 2.

Quality and risk of bias assessment (Newcastle–Ottawa Scale) criteria.

Author	Selection				Comparability	Outcome			Total Quality Score
	Representativeness of the Exposed Cohort	Selection of the NonExposed Cohort	Ascertainment of Exposure	Demonstration that Outcome of Interest Was Not Present at Start of Study	Comparability of Cohorts on the Basis of the Design or analysis	Assessment of Outcome	Was Follow-up Long Enough for Outcomes to Occur	Adequacy of Follow up of Cohorts
Kwok et al. 2022 [24]	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	8	Good
Dhondt et al. 2022 [25]	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	8	Good
Tsukada et al. 2021 [26]	*	-	*	*	*	*	*	*	7	Good
Merchant et al. 2020 [27]	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	8	Good

NOS has a total maximum score of 9: maximum scores 4 in Selection, 2 in Comparability, and 3 in Outcome. Studies scoring 7–9 have good quality (high quality), 4–6 have fair quality (high risk), and 0–3 have poor quality (very high risk). The symbol (*) means the point earned in each category and (-) no points.