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. 2024 Oct 28;14(11):1382. doi: 10.3390/life14111382

Table 3.

Outcome data.

Variables All Patients (n = 292)
Group 1
Proximal Radial or Transvenous Access
(n = 235)
Group 2
Distal Radial Access
(n = 57)
p-Value
Technical success 286 (97.9%) 231 (98.3%) 55 (96.5%) 0.388
Clinical success 283 (96.9%) 228 (97%) 55 (96.5%) 0.835
Post-procedure access flow rate (mL/min) 1037.8 (±254.2) 1050.7 (±278.7) 984.5 (±86.3) 0.458
Average increase in access flow rate (mL/min) 478.2 (±124.2) 479.1 (±133.6) 474.6 (±74.7) 0.891
Procedure-related complication rate 26 (8.9%) 20 (8.5%) 6 (10.5%) 0.632
Vascular access site complication rate 16 (5.5%) 11 (4.7%) 5 (8.8%) 0.223
Vascular access site complication:
  • -

    None

  • -

    Hematoma

  • -

    Access site spasm

  • -

    Access site occlusion


276 (94.5%)
12 (4.1%)
1 (0.3%)
3 (1.1%)

224 (95.3%)
9 (3.8%)
0 (0%)
2 (0.9%)

52 (91.2%)
3 (5.3%)
1 (1.8%)
1 (1.8%)
0.187
Procedure-related complications (CIRSE classification):
  • -

    None

  • -

    Minor (grade 1–2–3)

  • -

    Major (grade 4–5–6)


266 (91.1%)
26 (8.9%)
0 (0%)

215 (91.5%)
20 (8.5%)
0 (0%)

51 (89.5%)
6 (10.5%)
0 (0%)
0.632
Required treatment for complications:
  • -

    None

  • -

    Medical

  • -

    Percutaneous

  • -

    Surgical


266 (91.1%)
26 (8.9%)
0 (0%)
0 (0%)

215 (91.5%)
20 (8.5%)
0 (0%)
0 (0%)

51 (89.5%)
6 (10.5%)
0 (0%)
0 (0%)
0.632

Abbreviations: min: minutes; mL: milliliter.