Table 3.
Four fractions of extra-heavy oil and gas yield after treatment with fungal enzyme extracts from Aspergillus spp.
| Enzyme | Saturates | Aromatics | Resins | Asphaltenes | Gas Yield (mL 100mL−1) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Content (g kg−1) |
VR% | Content (g kg−1) |
VR% | Content (g kg−1) |
VRm% | Content (g kg−1) |
VR% | ||
| Ctrl | 25.0 ± 3.0 b | – | 377.0 ± 9.8 a | – | 31.0 ± 11.5 a | – | 276.3 ± 6.4 a | – | 0.0 ± 0.0 c |
| E2 | 30.8 ± 3.6 ab | 23.2 | 387.7 ± 4.0 a | 2.8 | 14.3 ± 4.0 a | −53.9 | 260.3 ± 4.5 b | −5.8 | 34.8 ± 0.6 a |
| E4 | 40.0 ± 8.7 a | 60.0 | 341.3 ± 4.2 b | −9.5 | 21.0 ± 7.9 a | −32.3 | 218.7 ± 9.3 c | −20.8 | 27.2 ± 0.6 b |
Values are presented as means ± standard deviation (n = 3). Different superscript letters within the same row indicate significant differences between groups (p < 0.05) determined by Duncan’s multiple range test. VR% represents enzyme-mediated variation (increase or decrease) in the mass of crude oil fractions.