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Simplified illustrations for the dependence of βn on the lengths of E-M bonds (case (A)), Sb-Pd > P-Pd, βndppf·PdCl2 > βn24·PdCl2) and Cp/Cp twist angles τ (case (B)), τ 24·PdCl2 > τ dppf·PdCl2, βn24·PdCl2 > βndppf·PdCl2). Note Dihedral angle α is not being considered while drawing for case (A), and the Cp rings were consequently drawn as parallel to each other.
