ACACA	cytosolic acetyl-CoA carboxylase
ACC	acetyl-CoA carboxylase
Acot3	acyl-CoA 3 thioesterase
ALT	alanine aminotransferase
AST	aspartate aminotransferase
Atg	autophagy-related proteins
BAs	bile acids
CAT	catalase
ChREBP	carbohydrate response element-binding protein
COX	cyclooxygenase
CPT-1α	carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1-alpha
CRP	C-reactive protein
CYP	cytochrome P450
DGAT2	diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2
DNL	de novo lipogenesis
ER	endoplasmic reticulum
FABP	fatty acid-binding protein
FABP1	fatty acid binding protein 1
FAS	fatty acid synthase
FATP5	fatty acid transporting protein 5
FDA	Food and Drug Administration
FFAs	free fatty acids
FOXA1	forkhead box A1 protein
FXR	farnesoid X receptor
GGT	glutamate aminotransferase
GI	gastrointestinal
GM	gut microbiota
GSH	glutathione
HDL	high-density lipoproteins
HFD	high-fat diet
HO-1	heme oxygenase-1
HSCs	hepatic stellate cells
HT	hypertension
IFN	interferon
IL	interleukin
iNOS	induced nitric oxide synthase
IR	insulin resistance
IRS	insulin receptor substrate
LDs	lipid droplets
LOX	lipoxygenase
MASH	metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis
MASLD	metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
MetS	metabolic syndrome
NAFLD	non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
NASH	non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
NE	neutrophil elastase
NF-κB	nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
PGC-1α	proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha
PINK1	PTEN-induced putative kinase 1
PON2	paraoxonase 2
PPAR	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
PUFAs	polyunsaturated fats
QE	quercetin
ROS	reactive oxygen species
SASP	senescence-associated secretory phenotype
SCFAs	short-chain fatty acids
SHP	small heterodimer partner
SIRT	sirtuin
SOD	superoxide dismutase
SREBP-1c	sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c
T2DM	type 2 diabetes mellitus
TG	triglycerides
TGFβ	transforming growth factor beta
TGR5	takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5
TLR4	toll-like 4 receptor
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor-alpha
TXNIP	thioredoxin interacting protein
VLDL	very-low-density lipoprotein
WAT	white adipose tissue
WC	waist circumference