Table 2.
The effect of heavy metals on the accumulation of phenolic compounds (mg/g DW) in D. ruyschiana shoot culture. The shoots were treated with 50 or 100 µM Ag+ and Cd2+.
| Compounds | Treatment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ag+ 50 µM | Ag+ 100 µM | Cd2+ 50 µM | Cd2+ 100 µM | Control | |
| Chlorogenic acid | 6.54 ± 0.06 a | 5.12 ± 0.17 b | 4.59 ± 0.07 c | 7.66 ± 0.98 a | 2.74 ± 0.02 d |
| Dicaffeoylquinic acid | 0.84 ± 0.05 b | 0.59 ± 0.01 c | 0.54 ± 0.08 c | 0.99 ± 0.06 a | 0.41 ± 0.04 d |
| Acacetin rhamnosyl-trihexoside | 0.32 ± 0.03 c | 0.22 ± 0.01 d | 0.29 ± 0.02 c | 0.50 ± 0.03 b | 0.73 ± 0.06 a |
| Rosmarinic acid | 13.25 ± 0.05 b | 8.88 ± 0.22 d | 14.72 ± 0.31 a | 10.95 ± 0.33 c | 5.15 ± 0.14 e |
| Apigenin caffeoyl-rhamnoside | 0.32 ± 0.03 b | 0.21 ± 0.03 c | 0.27 ± 0.02 b,c | 0.43 ± 0.03 a | 0.23 ± 0.03 c |
| Apigenin p-coumaroyl-rhamnoside (I) | 0.79 ± 0.02 c | 0.57 ± 0.01 e | 0.63 ± 0.02 d | 2.26 ± 0.11 a | 1.15 ± 0.04 b |
| Acacetin acetyl-rhamnosyl-trihexoside | 0.75 ± 0.02 b | 0.62 ± 0.02 c | 0.45 ± 0.02 d | 1.14 ± 0.04 a | 0.46 ± 0.01 d |
| Apigenin p-coumaroyl-rhamnoside (II) | 0.19 ± 0.02 a | 0.11 ± 0.02 c | 0.14 ± 0.01 b | 0.15 ± 0.03 ab | 0.11 ± 0.01 c |
| Methyl rosmarinate | 0.93 ± 0.04 b | 0.28 ± 0.05 c | 1.11 ± 0.15 b | 1.82 ± 0.24 a | 1.02 ± 0.05 b |
| Total phenolics | 23.93 ± 0.04 b | 16.6± 0.06 c | 22.81 ± 0.08 b | 25.90 ± 0.39 a | 12.00 ± 0.40 d |
The given values represent means ± SD of three independent experimental replicates. Means marked with the same letter were not significantly different (p < 0.05).