Figure 1.

(A) Summary of the different experimental parameters used for LNP synthesis. xi represents the different variables (values in bold brackets) with x1 (initial lignin concentration, g/L), x2 (solvent flow rate, mL/min), x3 (antisolvent composition, water/EtOH, v/v), x4 (antisolvent ratio, solvent/antisolvent, v/v), and x5 (antisolvent stirring speed, rpm). (B) Summary of the different parameters used for the FFD model. xj represents the same variables as (A), but with different values (in bold brackets) to maintain the self-assembly mechanism during precipitation. The specific values for each variable for the screening design construction, along with the corresponding results, are presented in Figure S5.