Table 1.
Anthropometric variables, comorbidities, and home treatments in the study cohort.
| Viral Swab-Tested Patients (N = 652) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Viral Swab Positive with Coinfection (A) N = 103 |
Viral Swab Positive Without Coinfection (B) N = 154 |
Viral Swab Positive Without Coinfection and Viral Swab Negative (C) N = 549 |
p-Value (A) vs. (B) |
p-Value (A) vs. (C) |
| Males, n (%) | 58 (56.3) | 77 (50.0) | 282 (51.4) | 0.373 | 0.391 |
| Age, years | 80 (65–88) | 74 (58–83) | 74 (59–83) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Age ≥70 years, n (%) | 71 (68.9) | 93 (60.4) | 325 (59.2) | 0.103 | 0.039 |
| Hospitalizations last 12 months | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–1) | 0.050 | 0.902 |
| Hospitalizations ≥ 2, n (%) | 8 (7.8) | 7 (4.5) | 54 (9.8) | 0.395 | 0.211 |
| Nursing home resident, n (%) | 4 (3.9) | 3 (1.9) | 25 (4.6) | 0.443 | 1.000 |
| COVID-19 vaccination, n (%) | 64 (78.0) | 113 (95.8) | 382 (69.6) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Charlson, score | 4 (2–6) | 4 (2–6) | 4 (2–6) | 0.554 | 0.536 |
| Previous COVID-19, n (%) | 20 (19.4) | 22 (14.3) | 89 (16.2) | 0.304 | 0.471 |
| Obesity, n (%) | 4 (3.9) | 12 (11.6) | 63 (11.5) | 0.159 | 0.011 |
| Chronic heart failure, n (%) | 24 (23.8) | 19 (12.3) | 102 (18.7) | 0.025 | 0.274 |
| Ishemic heart disease, n (%) | 21 (20.6) | 18 (11.7) | 97 (17.7) | 0.075 | 0.486 |
| Stroke, n (%) | 12 (11.8) | 11 (7.2) | 44 (8.1) | 0.265 | 0.249 |
| Arterial hypertension, n (%) | 56 (54.9) | 86 (55.8) | 317 (58) | 0.898 | 0.587 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 30 (29.4) | 32 (20.8) | 111 (20.2) | 0.136 | 0.049 |
| Arrhytmia (other), n (%) | 4 (3.9) | 9 (5.8) | 39 (7.1) | 0.573 | 0.284 |
| Valvulopathy, n (%) | 22 (21.6) | 25 (16.2) | 100 (18.2) | 0.323 | 0.410 |
| Vasculopathy, n (%) | 15 (14.7) | 24 (15.6) | 101 (18.4) | 1.000 | 0.402 |
| CVD (any), n (%) | 73 (71.6) | 107 (69.5) | 392 (71.5) | 0.781 | 1.000 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 22 (21.6) | 36 (23.4) | 149 (27.1) | 0.763 | 0.271 |
| Ulcer, n (%) | 3 (2.9) | 2 (1.3) | 19 (3.5) | 0.390 | 1.000 |
| Nephropathy, n (%) | 20 (19.6) | 13 (8.4) | 78 (14.2) | 0.013 | 0.175 |
| Immunocompromized, n (%) | 14 (13.7) | 11 (7.1) | 40 (7.3) | 0.090 | 0.048 |
| Epatopathy, n (%) | 10 (9,8) | 8 (5.2) | 40 (7.3) | 0.212 | 0.416 |
| Dementia, n (%) | 16 (15.7) | 17 (11.0) | 74 (13.5) | 0.341 | 0.534 |
| Emiplegy, n (%) | 6 (5.9) | 4 (2.6) | 10 (1.8) | 0.203 | 0.027 |
| Psychiatric disorders, n (%) | 7 (6.9) | 17 (11.0) | 60 (10.9) | 0.284 | 0.286 |
| Rheumatologic disorders, n (%) | 9 (8.8) | 8 (5.2) | 28 (5.1) | 0.308 | 0.159 |
| Solid tumors, n (%) | 11 (10.8) | 22 (14.3) | 83 (15.1) | 0.452 | 0.286 |
| Leukemia, n (%) | 3 (2.9) | 7 (4.5) | 11 (2.0) | 0.744 | 0.469 |
| Lymphoma, n (%) | 4 (3.9) | 6 (3.9) | 12 (2.2) | 1.000 | 0.295 |
| AIDS, n (%) | 5 (4.9) | 0 (0) | 10 (1.8) | 0.009 | 0.070 |
| Ex/active smoke, n (%) | 34 (33.0) | 50 (32.5) | 161 (29.3) | 0.402 | 0.399 |
| COPD, n (%) | 24 (23.5) | 30 (19.6) | 127 (23.3) | 0.532 | 1.000 |
| Asthma, n (%) | 5 (4.9) | 14 (9.2) | 45 (8.2) | 0.233 | 0.314 |
| Bronchiectasis, n (%) | 4 (3.9) | 3 (2.0) | 15 (2.7) | 0.442 | 0.521 |
| Interstitial lung disease, n (%) | 3 (2.9) | 4 (2.6) | 12 (2.2) | 1.000 | 0.717 |
| Home treatment | |||||
| LTOT, n (%) | 8 (7.8) | 11 (7.2) | 49 (9.0) | 1.000 | 0.850 |
| Bronchodilators, n (%) | 19 (18.6) | 31 (20.3) | 113 (20.7) | 0.872 | 0.689 |
| ICS, n (%) | 17 (16.7) | 24 (15.7) | 89 (16.3) | 0.863 | 0.885 |
| Chronic steroid therapy, n (%) | 2 (2.0) | 6 (3.9) | 30 (5.5) | 0.482 | 0.209 |
| Immunosuppressants, n (%) | 4 (4.0) | 7 (4.6) | 18 (3.3) | 1.000 | 0.764 |
Patients with a confirmed viral infection are grouped into patients with (column A) or without (column B) a coinfection. Patients with a positive viral swab and a coinfection were compared with the rest of the tested patients (column C). Data are reported as median (interquartile range) if not stated otherwise. AIDS = Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; COPD = Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; COVID-19 = Coronavirus 2019 Disease; CVD = cardiovascular disease; ICS = inhaled corticosteroids; LTOT = long-term oxygen therapy. Statistically significant differences are highlighted in bold.