Table 4.

List of invasive plants used against Insects.

Invasive Plant	Extract	Phytochemical	Target Insect	Mode of Action	References
Ageratina adenophora (Spreng).	Aqueous	Epifriedelinol, stigmasterol, octacosanoic acid, 8-daucos tero1, 2- isopropeny1-5- acetyl-6-hydrxybenzofuran aceate and o-hydroxy einnamic acid	Rice weevil, maize weevil, Chinese bean weevil and European bean weevil	Toxicity	[161]
Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze	Ethanolic extract	Kaempferol and kaempferol analogs, quercetin and quercetin analogs, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, spinasterol and ferulic acid	Drosophila melanogaster	Toxicity	[184]
Ageratina adenophora (Spreng).	Ethyl acetate	Cadinene sesquiterpenes, 5,6-dihydroxycadinan-3-ene-2,7-dione	Meloidogyne incognita	Antinemic activity	[174]
Ageratum conyzoides L. Lemmon grass	Crude extracts	PONNEEM	Aedes, Anopheles, Culex spp.	Affects the oviposition rate and increases the deterrence percentage	[176,185]
	Methanol extracts	6-demethyoxyageratochromene (precocene I) and ageratochromene (precocene II)	Preris rapae and Plutella xyloaella	Antifeeding effects	[125]
Mikania micrantha Kunth.	Methonal extract	Mikanin, eupalitin, eupafolin, (3,4′,5,7-tetra-hydroxy 6- methoxyflavone 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, luteolin, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid n-butyl ester and 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid n-butyl ester were identified from M. micrantha	Oriental fruit fly	Repellent effects	[105]
	EOs	β-cubebene, terpinolene, β-caryophyllene, 1imonene, β-farnesene, ocimene, δcadino1, γ-terpinene, ethylnaphthalene, a-caryophy11ene,	Plutella xylostella, Phyllotretast riolata and Phaedon brassicae	Oviposition deterrent	[179,180]
Chromolaena odoratum L.	Alcohol extracts	Chalcones and flavonols	Plutella xylostella	Repellent	[183]
	Crude extracts		Helicoverpa armigera	Antifeeding effects	[181]
	EOs	Trans-caryophyllene, β-cadinene, a-copaene, caryophyllene oxide, germacrene-D and n-humuhne	Phyllotreta striolata	Oviposition deterrent	[186]
Parthenium hysterophorus L.	Flower, leaf stem powders	Parthenin ageratochromene, precocene I, and precocene II have strong insecticidal effects, endo-borneol, farnesol, quercetin, kaempferol, and its glucosides	Callosobruchus chinensis	Repellency, inhibit cholinesterase	[187]
	Aqueous leaf and stem		Aedes aegypti, Sitophious oryzae	Toxic and oviposition deterrent	[188,189]
Melia azedarach L.	Aqueous extract Fruits	Azadirachtin	Callosobruchus maculatus	Toxicity and repellency	[190]