Table 4.
Summary of the findings of papers studying DECT application in laryngeal cancer.
| Author | Aim | DECT-Parameters | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zheng et al. [98] | Finding best VMI to detect LHSCC and assess diagnostic performance. | / | Image quality of VMIs 40–50 keV is higher than conventional CT imaging; VMI 40 keV has better diagnostic accuracy than conventional CT imaging. |
| Zopfs et al. [99] | Evaluate diagnostic value of iodine overlay maps and VMI for initial assessment of HNSCC. | / | Iodine overlay maps and low-energy VMI improve initial assessment of tumor compared to conventional images. |
| He at al. [100] | Assess image quality of laryngeal SCC using DECT reconstruction algorithms. | / | VMI+ 40 keV and NBI improve image quality of laryngeal SCC. |
| Wang et al. [101] | Evaluate role of DECT in discriminating eGSCC from chronic inflammation and leucoplakia of the vocal cord; comparing diagnostic efficiency of DECT with simulated conventional CT. | IC NIC Zeff HU in VMIs 40–100 keV λHU |
Parameters showed higher value in eGSCC. NIC and attenuation at 60 keV are more able to discriminate glottic lesion than simulated SECT. |
| Kuno et al. [92] | Comparing diagnostic accuracy of MRI and DECT images in detecting cartilage invasion by laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. | / | DECT showed higher specificity than MRI for diagnosing cartilage invasion, and sensitivity does not differ significantly. |
| Wang et al. [102] | Predicting Ki-67 expression by dual-energy CT in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. | IC NIC Zeff HU value in VMIs 40–80 keV λHU |
Parameters positively correlated with Ki-67 expression; values were significantly higher in high Ki-67 tumors than in low Ki-67 ones. |
| Geng et al. [84] | Correlation between DECT-parameters and tumor grading, and T and N stages. | IC NIC |
Both parameters calculated in arterial phase were higher in poorly differentiated tumors, higher T stages, and N stages. |
| Shen et al. [103] | Predicting histopathological features with DECT parameters. | NIC λHU nZeff A40 |
Parameters showed higher value in high-grade tumors, and those with lymphovascular and perineural invasion |
HNSCC = head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; LHSCC = laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma; eGSCC = early glottic squamous cell carcinoma; NIC = normalized iodine concentraton; IC = iodine concentration; λHU = slope of the spectral Hounsfield unite curve; VMI = virtual monochromatic image; Zeff = effective atomic number; nZeff = normalized effective atomic numbers; HU = Hounsfield unit; NBI = nonlinear blending image; A40 = attenuation value in VMI 40 KeV.