Figure 2.

AHB toxins induce complement CP activation. To access AmV effects upon CP, experimentally envenomed serum samples, diluted 1:100-800 in VBS²⁺, were evaluated to C4 binding in plates coated with human IgM (A, C, E, G). CP activation was confirmed by analysis of levels of C1s-C1INH complexes (B, D, F, H) by immunoassays (serum samples diluted 1/800) by using the C1s/C1INH, human, ELISA kit purchased from HycultBiotech. The results are presented as the means ± SDs, and statistical analysis was performed with GraphPad PRISM 8 by two-way ANOVA followed by Sidak’s multiple comparison test (n= 4). Differences were considered significant at p ≤ 0.05. # T0/NHS, all times; * AmV x Vehicle; α 30 min x 60 or 120 min; β 60 min x 30 or 120 min; δ 120 min x 30 or 60 min.