Table 2.
Summary statistics for sociodemographic data, neuropsychological test scores, sense of Self questionnaires, and psychopathological data, by Group.
| FEP N = 10 |
CTL N = 35 |
Yuen test | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mdiff | Yt | p | |
| Sociodemographic | |||||
| Age (years) | 19.8 (3.39) | 22.1 (4.24) | 1.76 [-1.35, 4.87] | 1.32 | 0.24 |
| Sex: | |||||
| Female | 6 (60.0%) | 21 (60.0%) | |||
| Male | 4 (40.0%) | 14 (40.0%) | |||
| Years of education | 11.9 (2.13) | 14.1 (2.12) | 2.10 [0.91, 3.28] | 3.69 | 0.003 |
| Neuropsychology | |||||
| WAIS Vocabulary (age-scaled score) (/19) | 10.3 (3.47) | 9.57 (3.54) | -0.52 [-5.39, 4.34] | -0.33 | 0.75 |
| TMT B-A (Z-score) | 1.15 (1.27) | 1.39 (3.62) | -0.91 [-2.31, 0.49] | -1.57 | 0.18 |
| Sense of Self | |||||
| MAIA-2 – Total (/40) | 21.6 (5.03) | 23.8 (3.28) | 0.99 [-2.30, 4.29] | 0.77 | 0.48 |
| MAIA-2 – Noticing (/5) | 3.12 (0.68) | 3.53 (0.73) | 0.31 [-0.25, 0.87] | 1.24 | 0.23 |
| MAIA-2 – Not-Distracting (/5) | 2.38 (0.65) | 2.06 (0.72) | -0.30 [-0.90, 0.31] | -1.20 | 0.27 |
| MAIA-2 – Not-Worrying (/5) | 2.34 (1.03) | 2.59 (0.99) | 0.44 [-0.27, 1.15] | 1.44 | 0.19 |
| MAIA-2 – Attention Regulation (/5) | 2.49 (0.81) | 2.90 (0.67) | 0.31 [-0.19, 0.81] | 1.29 | 0.22 |
| MAIA-2 – Emotional Awareness (/5) | 3.10 (1.00) | 3.59 (0.87) | 0.5 [-0.13, 1.14] | 1.77 | 0.11 |
| MAIA-2 – Self-Regulation (/5) | 2.58 (1.06) | 2.88 (0.71) | 0.36 [-0.83, 1.56] | 0.93 | 0.40 |
| MAIA-2 – Body Listening (/5) | 2.07 (0.90) | 2.66 (1.00) | 0.49 [-0.18, 1.17] | 1.68 | 0.13 |
| MAIA-2 – Trust (/5) | 3.50 (1.52) | 3.62 (1.11) | -0.04 [-1.76, 1.69] | -0.06 | 0.96 |
| TSCS-2 –Total (/105) | 76.3 (9.70) | 85.3 (8.31) | 10.14 [3.05, 17.24] | 3.34 | 0.01 |
| TSCS-2 – Conflict (/-15) | -13.90 (4.84) | -12.29 (5.02) | 1.17 [-2.88, 5.21] | 0.69 | 0.52 |
| TSCS-2 – Inconsistency (/4) | 1.10 (0.88) | 0.86 (0.97) | -0.38 [-0.84, 0.08] | -1.67 | 0.10 |
| TSCS-2 – Response Distribution (/21) | 5.80 (3.94) | 9.49 (3.95) | 4.52 [-0.16, 9.21] | 2.75 | 0.05 |
| TSCS-2 – Physical (/25) | 17.5 (2.68) | 19.1 (2.83) | 1.64 [-0.62, 3.9] | 1.86 | 0.11 |
| TSCS-2 – Moral (/20) | 13.6 (1.96) | 16.4 (1.77) | 3.14 [1.13, 5.16] | 3.98 | 0.01 |
| TSCS-2 – Personal (/25) | 17.2 (3.85) | 19.9 (2.72) | 2.98 [-0.28, 6.23] | 2.13 | 0.07 |
| TSCS-2 – Familial (/20) | 17.3 (2.54) | 18.0 (2.66) | 1.05 [-1.28, 3.38] | 1.09 | 0.33 |
| TSCS-2 – Social (/15) | 10.7 (2.45) | 11.8 (2.02) | 1.14 [-1.75, 4.04] | 1.12 | 0.33 |
| Psychopathology | |||||
| BPRS – Total (/168) | 51.3 (11.4) | ||||
| PANSS – Total (/210) | 72.9 (16.0) | ||||
| PANSS – Positive (/49) | 14.5 (5.44) | ||||
| PANSS – Negative (/49) | 21.7 (6.60) | ||||
| PANSS – General psychopathology (/112) | 36.7 (7.44) | ||||
| NSSE – Total (/69) | 12.3 (6.05) | ||||
| NSSE – Motor coordination (/24) | 6.67 (4.34) | ||||
| NSSE – Motor integration (/18) | 1.39 (1.24) | ||||
| NSSE – Sensory integration (/15) | 2.19 (1.87) | ||||
| NSSE – Involuntary movements (/6) | 0.39 (0.70) | ||||
| NSSE – Lateralisation (/6) | 0.56 (0.73) | ||||
| SOFAS – Last year (/100) | 50.6 (7.65) | ||||
| SOFAS – Last month (/100) | 53.7 (8.83) | ||||
| SPQ – Total (/32) | 11.7 (6.08) | ||||
| SPQ – Positive (/14) | 3.65 (2.90) | ||||
| SPQ – Negative (/10) | 4.29 (2.81) | ||||
| SPQ – Disorganisation (/8) | 3.79 (2.11) | ||||
| Medication | |||||
| Chlorpromazine equivalent dose (mg) | 616 (574) | ||||
FEP, first-episode psychosis patients; CTL, healthy controls; Mdiff, trimmed mean difference with 95% confidence interval; Yt, Yuen test statistic; p, Yuen test p-value; WAIS, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale; TMT, Trail Making Test; MAIA-2, Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness – Version 2; TSCS-2, Tennessee Self-Concept Scale – Second Edition, Short Form. BPRS, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale – Expanded; PANSS, Positive And Negative Symptoms Scale; NSSE, Neurological Soft Signs Examination; SOFAS, Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale; SPQ, Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire – Brief Revised. In bold: statistically significant results.