Table 5.
Summary of key research strategies and trends.
| Main Contributions | Trends | Application Area | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Predictive analytics, threat detection, big data architecture, protecting sensitive data, and assessment framework. | Closing security weaknesses and boosting stakeholder trust. | Industrial networks | [10] |
| Energy efficiency, flexibility across protocol levels, LoRaWAN, and cross-layer optimization. | Improves performance and optimizes the protocol | LPWANs and IoT applications | [19] |
| Introduces a hybrid approach to thorough risk identification that combines PMBOK, HAZOP, NIST, and ISO 31000 techniques to improve analysis and cut down on redundancy. | Minimizes risk redundancy and provides thorough evaluation. | Cyber-physical systems | [11] |
| Cross-layer security, data accuracy, social IoT (SIoT), and graph-powered learning techniques. | Optimizes energy efficiency and improves network navigability. | SIoT ecosystems. | [18] |
| Information-theoretic security, random key encryption, lightweight encryption, and key management. | Effective and secure, appropriate for IoT with low resources. | Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and IoT | [53] |
| Ensemble learning, IoT-Sentry, Cooja IoT simulator analysis, and cross-layer intrusion detection. | Excellent detection precision and low overhead. | Standardized networks for IoT | [54] |
| IoT authentication techniques, hierarchical classification, centralization, and distribution. | Thorough analysis that promotes more study. | Authentication of IoT | [56] |
| Performance improvement, smart city applications, and lightweight mutual authentication. | Combines efficiency and security, and it performs better than current protocols. | Water, traffic, and smart city management | [58] |
| Quantum walk, device identifier encoding, cross-layer authentication, and privacy-preserving protocols. | Low latency, high privacy and security. | 5G networks and IIoT | [59] |
| Web-based IDS-AC, real-world attack detection, machine learning, and Honeynet architecture. | Strong attack alerts, user self-updating | Cybersecurity and industrial networks. | [62] |
| Evaluation of IoT security research, risks, countermeasures, and prospects | Thorough summary that directs further study. | Development of IoT and security solutions | [63] |
| IoT network technologies in delay, efficient and secured protocol for emerging IoT network applications protocol (ESPINA), key-renewal approach improves security while lowering computational costs. | Energy efficiency, 6G wireless access, better than existing procedures, in line with 6G wireless communications standards, and secure and energy-efficient protocols. | IoT in healthcare, embedded systems, and applications that are sensitive to security. | [73] |
| Attack detection, secure clustering, lightweight cryptography, and the cross-layer and cryptography-based secure routing (CLCSR) protocol. | Improves network efficiency and protects privacy. | Smart cities, e-healthcare | [76] |
| Functions that are physically unclonable, key agreement, hierarchical authentication, and cryptography of elliptic curves. | Secure, effective, and resistant to frequent attacks, | IoT and Industry 4.0 settings. | [78] |