Table 2.

Comparison of recent HbA1c level across patients’ characteristics

		N	Mean ± SD		P-value
Sex	Male	108	9.23 ± 2.4		0.284
	Female	139	9.58 ± 2.68
		N	Pearson Correlation		P-value
Age at the diagnosis		274	0.204		0.001*
Age of the patient	1–5 5–10 10–15 > 15	274	0.279 8.5 ± 1.9 8.9 ± 2.4 10.1 ± 2.7 10.0 ± 2.6		< 0.001*
		N	Mean ± SD		P-value
Residence	Urban	191	8.98 ± 2.26		< 0.001*
	Rural	56	10.97 ± 2.94
Maternal education level	Illiterate	39	11.03 ± 2.44		< 0.001*
	Primary	79	10.28 ± 2.46
	Secondary school	59	8.69 ± 2.42
	High education	68	8.15 ± 2.01
Paternal education level	Illiterate	26	10.95 ± 2.47		< 0.001*
	Primary	62	10.06 ± 2.29
	Secondary	70	9.34 ± 2.68
	Higher education	76	8.28 ± 2.19
	Died	13	10.56 ± 2.61
Socioeconomic status	Poor	81	10.64 ± 2.59		< 0.001*
	Moderate	120	8.75 ± 2.26
	Good	46	9.07 ± 2.53
Person who administer insulin at home	Mother	164	9.25 ± 2.44		0.002*
	Father	30	10.29 ± 2.58
	Both	44	9 ± 2.6
	Other	9	11.97 ± 2.77
Marital status of the parents	Married	232	9.36 ± 2.56		0.085
	Divorced or death of one parent	15	10.53 ± 2.43
Puberty	Yes	91	10.29 ± 2.73		< 0.001*
	No	156	8.93 ± 2.32
Family history of type1 DM	Yes	33	9.5 ± 2.6	0.872
	No	214	9.42 ± 2.56
Associated celiac disease	Yes	32	9.62 ± 2.49	0.656
	No	215	9.4 ± 2.57
Associated hypothyroidism	Yes	10	9.64 ± 1.71	0.792
	No	237	9.42 ± 2.59
Presentation at diagnosis	DKA	87	10.45 ± 2.71	< 0.001*
	Hyperglycemia only	160	8.88 ± 2.3
		N	Pearson Correlation	P-value
Duration of the disease		274	0.139	0.029*
		N	Mean ± SD	P-value
Type of insulin regimen	Basal-bolus	124	8.21 ± 1.79	< 0.001*
	Regular-NPH	78	10.81 ± 2.39
	Premixed insulin	45	10.38 ± 3.03
No. of DKA episodes in the last year	None	181	9.11 ± 2.37	< 0.001*
	One or more	66	10.32 ± 2.86
Carb counting	Yes	45	7.09 ± 0.96	< 0.001*
	No	202	9.95 ± 2.51
Presence of lipodystrophy	Yes	98	10.86 ± 2.64	< 0.001*
	No	149	8.49 ± 2.02
		N	Pearson Correlation	P-value
HbA1c level at the diagnosis		274	0.083	0.194

* significant as P-value ≤ 0.05, DKA = diabetic ketoacidosis