Table 3.
Association of characteristics of the patients with inadequate glycemic control
| Good control (N = 67) | Inadequate control (N = 180) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | P-value | ||
| Sex | Male | 29 (26.9%) | 79 (73.1%) | 0.932 |
| Female | 38 (27.3%) | 101 (72.7%) | ||
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | P-value | ||
| Age at diagnosis | 6.04 ± 3.59 | 7.34 ± 3.4 | 0.009* | |
| Current age of the patient | 8.79 ± 3.78 | 10.63 ± 3.77 | < 0.001* | |
| N (%) | N (%) | P-value | ||
| Residence | Urban | 60 (31.4%) | 131 (68.6%) | 0.005* |
| Rural | 7 (12.5%) | 49 (87.5%) | ||
| Maternal education level | Illiterate | 3 (7.7%) | 36 (92.3%) | < 0.001* |
| Primary | 10 (12.7%) | 69 (87.3%) | ||
| Secondary school | 24 (40.7%) | 35 (59.3%) | ||
| High school education | 30 (44.1%) | 38 (55.9%) | ||
| Died | 0 (0%) | 2 (100%) | ||
| Paternal education level | Illiterate | 2 (7.7%) | 24 (92.3%) | < 0.001* |
| Primary | 7 (11.3%) | 55 (88.7%) | ||
| Secondary school | 22 (31.4%) | 48 (68.6%) | ||
| High school education | 34 (44.7%) | 42 (55.3%) | ||
| Died | 2 (15.4%) | 11 (84.6%) | ||
| Socioeconomic status | Poor | 8 (9.9%) | 73 (90.1%) | < 0.001* |
| Moderate | 41 (34.2%) | 79 (65.8%) | ||
| Good | 18 (39.1%) | 28 (60.9%) | ||
| Who take care of patient | Mother | 45 (27.4%) | 119 (72.6%) | 0.110 |
| Father | 6 (20%) | 24 (80%) | ||
| Both | 16 (36.4%) | 28 (63.6%) | ||
| Other | 0 (0%) | 9 (100%) | ||
| Marital status of the parents | Married | 65 (28%) | 167 (72%) | 0.252 |
| Divorced or death of one parent | 2 (13.3%) | 13 (86.7%) | ||
| Puberty | Yes | 15 (16.4%) | 76 (83.5%) | 0.010* |
| No | 49 (31.4%) | 107 (68.9%) | ||
|
Family history of Type1 DM |
Yes | 9 (27.3%) | 24 (72.7%) | 0.984 |
| No | 58 (27.1%) | 156 (72.9%) | ||
|
Associated celiac disease |
Yes | 7 (21.9%) | 25 (78.1%) | 0.474 |
| No | 60 (27.9%) | 155 (72.1%) | ||
|
Associated hypothyroidism |
Yes | 2 (20%) | 8 (80%) | 0.733 |
| No | 65 (27.4%) | 172 (72.6%) | ||
| Presentation at diagnosis | DKA | 15 (17.2%) | 72 (82.8%) | 0.010* |
| Hyperglycemia | 52 (32.5%) | 108 (67.5%) | ||
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | P-value | ||
| Duration of disease | 2.78 ± 2.42 | 3.29 ± 2.53 | 0.151 | |
| N (%) | N (%) | P-value | ||
| Type of insulin regimen | Basal-bolus | 52(41.9%) | 72 (58.1%) | < 0.001* |
| Regular + NPH | 6 (7.7%) | 72 (92.3%) | ||
| Premixed insulin | 9 (20%) | 36 (80%) | ||
| No. of DKA episodes | None | 58 (32%) | 123 (68%) | 0.004* |
| One or more | 9 (13.6%) | 57 (86.4%) | ||
| Carb counting | Yes | 29 (64.4%) | 16 (35.6%) | < 0.001* |
| No | 38 (18.8%) | 164 (81.2%) | ||
| Presence of lipodystrophy | No | 56 (37.6%) | 93 (62.4%) | < 0.001* |
| Yes | 11 (11.2%) | 87 (88.8%) | ||
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | P-value | ||
| HbA1c level at the diagnosis | 10.6 ± 2.83 | 11.06 ± 2.27 | 0.243 | |