Table 10.
Probability of overqualification by ancestry group (distinguishing the G2 and the G2.5), gender, and educational attainment (from LPM), standard errors in parentheses
| (1) | (2) | |
|---|---|---|
| Model8 | Model9 | |
| Ancestry group | ||
| (Reference = Sweden) | ||
| Finland G2 | − 0.000 | − 0.005 |
| (0.002) | (0.003) | |
| Finland G2.5 | 0.003* | − 0.009*** |
| (0.001) | (0.002) | |
| Other Nordic G2 | 0.020*** | 0.007 |
| (0.006) | (0.008) | |
| Other Nordic G2.5 | − 0.006** | − 0.012*** |
| (0.002) | (0.003) | |
| Other Western G2 | 0.047*** | 0.055*** |
| (0.006) | (0.009) | |
| Other Western G2.5 | 0.027*** | 0.034*** |
| (0.002) | (0.004) | |
| Eastern Europe G2 | 0.050*** | 0.051*** |
| (0.004) | (0.007) | |
| Eustern Europe G2.5 | 0.027*** | 0.028*** |
| (0.003) | (0.005) | |
| Former Yugoslavia G2 | 0.019*** | − 0.001 |
| (0.003) | (0.005) | |
| Former Yugoslavia G2.5 | 0.006 | − 0.018** |
| (0.005) | (0.006) | |
| Southern Europe G2 | 0.025*** | 0.013 |
| (0.007) | (0.011) | |
| Southern Europe G2.5 | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| (0.004) | (0.007) | |
| MENA G2 | 0.031*** | − 0.013** |
| (0.004) | (0.004) | |
| MENA G2.5 | 0.007 | − 0.015 |
| (0.006) | (0.008) | |
| Iran G2 | 0.084*** | 0.025* |
| (0.008) | (0.010) | |
| Iran G2.5 | 0.038*** | 0.011 |
| (0.010) | (0.014) | |
| Turkey G2 | 0.011* | − 0.026*** |
| (0.004) | (0.006) | |
| Turkey G2.5 | − 0.005 | − 0.038** |
| (0.010) | (0.012) | |
| Other G2 | 0.045*** | − 0.009 |
| (0.004) | (0.005) | |
| Other G2.5 | 0.023*** | − 0.010* |
| (0.003) | (0.004) | |
| Gender | ||
| (Reference = Men) | ||
| Women | − 0.049*** | 0.001* |
| (0.001) | (0.001) | |
| Educational attainment | ||
| (Reference = Upper secondary) | ||
| Tertiary | 0.231*** | 0.303*** |
| (0.001) | (0.001) | |
| Age | 0.017*** | 0.017*** |
| (0.000) | (0.000) | |
| Age squared | − 0.000*** | − 0.000*** |
| (0.000) | (0.000) | |
| Region | ||
| (Reference = Rural) | ||
| Suburban | − 0.003** | − 0.004*** |
| (0.001) | (0.001) | |
| Urban | 0.017*** | 0.015*** |
| (0.001) | (0.001) | |
| Interaction terms | ||
| Finland G2 & Women | − 0.001 | |
| (0.005) | ||
| Finland G2.5 & Women | 0.008* | |
| (0.003) | ||
| Other Nordic G2 & Women | 0.013 | |
| (0.013) | ||
| Other Nordic G2.5 & Women | 0.008 | |
| (0.004) | ||
| Other Western G2.5 & Women | 0.004 | |
| (0.005) | ||
| Eastern Europe G2 & Women | − 0.003 | |
| (0.011) | ||
| Eustern Europe G2.5 & Women | − 0.008 | |
| (0.007) | ||
| Former Yugoslavia G2 & Women | − 0.011 | |
| (0.007) | ||
| Former Yugoslavia G2.5 & Women | 0.004 | |
| (0.009) | ||
| Southern Europe G2 & Women | − 0.001 | |
| (0.017) | ||
| Southern Europe G2.5 & Women | − 0.006 | |
| (0.010) | ||
| MENA G2 & Women | 0.028*** | |
| (0.007) | ||
| MENA G2.5 & Women | 0.017 | |
| (0.012) | ||
| Iran G2 & Women | 0.042* | |
| (0.017) | ||
| Iran G2.5 & Women | 0.010 | |
| (0.021) | ||
| Turkey G2 & Women | − 0.006 | |
| (0.008) | ||
| Turkey G2.5 & Women | 0.027 | |
| (0.019) | ||
| Other G2 & Women | 0.018* | |
| (0.008) | ||
| Other G2.5 & Women | 0.014* | |
| (0.007) | ||
| Finland G2 & Tertiary | 0.022* | |
| (0.009) | ||
| Finland G2.5 & Tertiary | 0.017*** | |
| (0.005) | ||
| Other Nordic G2 & Tertiary | − 0.011 | |
| (0.020) | ||
| Other Nordic G2.5 & Tertiary | 0.011 | |
| (0.007) | ||
| Other Western G2 & Tertiary | − 0.034 | |
| (0.017) | ||
| Other Western G2.5 & Tertiary | − 0.040*** | |
| (0.007) | ||
| Eastern Europe G2 & Tertiary | − 0.032* | |
| (0.013) | ||
| Eustern Europe G2.5 & Tertiary | − 0.017 | |
| (0.009) | ||
| Former Yugoslavia G2 & Tertiary | 0.058*** | |
| (0.013) | ||
| Former Yugoslavia G2.5 & Tertiary | 0.045** | |
| (0.016) | ||
| Southern Europe G2 & Tertiary | 0.025 | |
| (0.022) | ||
| Southern Europe G2.5 & Tertiary | − 0.018 | |
| (0.014) | ||
| MENA G2 & Tertiary | 0.081*** | |
| (0.014) | ||
| MENA G2.5 & Tertiary | 0.008 | |
| (0.019) | ||
| Iran G2 & Tertiary | 0.086*** | |
| (0.024) | ||
| Iran G2.5 & Tertiary | 0.015 | |
| (0.031) | ||
| Turkey G2 & Tertiary | 0.105*** | |
| (0.015) | ||
| Turkey G2.5 & Tertiary | 0.084* | |
| (0.037) | ||
| Other G2 & Tertiary | 0.088*** | |
| (0.014) | ||
| Other G2.5 & Tertiary | 0.060*** | |
| (0.011) | ||
| Women & Tertiary | − 0.137*** | |
| (0.001) | ||
| Finland G2 & Women & Tertiary | − 0.003 | |
| (0.011) | ||
| Finland G2.5 & Women & Tertiary | 0.009 | |
| (0.007) | ||
| Other Nordic G2 & Women & Tertiary | 0.050 | |
| (0.026) | ||
| Other Nordic G2.5 & Women & Tertiary | − 0.008 | |
| (0.009) | ||
| Other Western G2 & Women & Tertiary | 0.022 | |
| (0.024) | ||
| Other Western G2.5 & Women & Tertiary | 0.032*** | |
| (0.009) | ||
| Eastern Europe G2 & Women & Tertiary | 0.051** | |
| (0.018) | ||
| Eustern Europe G2.5 & Women & Tertiary | 0.036** | |
| (0.013) | ||
| Former Yugoslavia G2 & Women & Tertiary | 0.043* | |
| (0.017) | ||
| Former Yugoslavia G2.5 & Women & Tertiary | 0.028 | |
| (0.022) | ||
| Southern Europe G2 & Women & Tertiary | 0.007 | |
| (0.030) | ||
| Southern Europe G2.5 & Women & Tertiary | 0.057** | |
| (0.019) | ||
| MENA G2 & Women & Tertiary | 0.026 | |
| (0.019) | ||
| MENA G2.5 & Women & Tertiary | 0.038 | |
| (0.026) | ||
| Iran G2 & Women & Tertiary | 0.001 | |
| (0.034) | ||
| Iran G2.5 & Women & Tertiary | 0.060 | |
| (0.044) | ||
| Turkey G2 & Women & Tertiary | 0.006 | |
| (0.020) | ||
| Turkey G2.5 & Women & Tertiary | − 0.046 | |
| (0.048) | ||
| Other G2 & Women & Tertiary | 0.039* | |
| (0.019) | ||
| Other G2.5 & Women & Tertiary | 0.006 | |
| (0.015) | ||
| Constant | − 0.244*** | − 0.262*** |
| (0.003) | (0.003) | |
| Observations | 2,763,905 | 2,763,905 |
| Adjusted R-squared | 0.085 | 0.090 |
*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001