Table 3.
Comparison of characteristics of participants according to muscle mass status1
| Variable | Normal muscle mass | Low muscle mass | P- value2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number (%) | 719 | 141 | |
| Gender, n (%) | |||
|
Male Female |
335 (46.6) 384 (53.4) |
85 (60.3) 56 (39.7) |
0.004 |
| Age, years | 66.97 ± 6.18 | 73.13 ± 8.37 | < 0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28.89 ± 4.26 | 23.07 ± 3.26 | < 0.001 |
| Weight, kg | 75.13 ± 11.04 | 57.67 ± 7.81 | < 0.001 |
| Height, cm | 161.51 ± 9.40 | 158.40 ± 9.12 | < 0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 98.86 ± 9.59 | 87.48 ± 9.28 | < 0.001 |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 103.43 ± 9.68 | 91.86 ± 7.28 | < 0.001 |
| Waist–hip ratio | 0.96 ± 0.07 | 0.95 ± 0.07 | 0.441 |
| SMMI | 9.71 ± 1.10 | 8.28 ± 0.79 | < 0.001 |
| Fat free mass (kg) | 46.91 ± 8.64 | 39.28 ± 6.27 | < 0.001 |
| Percent body fat, % | 37.46 ± 9.39 | 31.65 ± 9.45 | < 0.001 |
| Body fat mass (kg) | 28.48 ± 9.06 | 18.54 ± 6.9 | < 0.001 |
| ASM (kg) | 7.34 ± 0.93 | 6.05 ± 0.72 | < 0.001 |
| Smoking status | |||
|
Yes, n (%) No, n (%) |
78 (10.9) 638 (89.1) |
24 (17.0) 117 (83.0) |
0.056 |
| Education | |||
|
Less than 12th grade, n (%) More than 12th grade, n (%) |
595 (82.9) 123 (17.1) |
124 (88.6) 16 (11.4) |
0.121 |
| Physically activity, MET/week | |||
|
Less than 600 More than 600 |
300 (42.9) 399 (57.1) |
69 (52.7) 62 (47.3) |
0.049 |
| Basal metabolic rate, kcal | 1383.2 ± 186.7 | 1218.6 ± 135.4 | < 0.001 |
| Marital status, n (%) | |||
|
Married Separated/Divorced/Widowed Single |
584 (81.3) 125 (17.4) 9 (1.3) |
110 (78.0) 28 (19.9) 3 (2.1) |
0.548 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | |||
|
No Yes |
442 (61.5) 277 (38.5) |
92 (65.2) 49 (34.8) |
0.453 |
| Fasting Blood Glucose (mg/dl) | 97.14 ± 9.73 | 95.69 ± 10.50 | 0.110 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 123 (91, 165) | 99 (79, 144.75) | < 0.001 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 48.64 ± 10.93 | 51.71 ± 11.88 | 0.003 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mg/dl) | 113.17 ± 33.09 | 117.93 ± 36.07 | 0.126 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 188.97 ± 39.17 | 193.00 ± 43.32 | 0.274 |
ASM, Appendicular Skeletal Muscle mass; MET, Metabolic Equivalent; HDL, High Density Lipoprotein; LDL, Low Density Lipoprotein
1 Values are presented as mean ± SD for quantitative variables and frequency (%) for qualitative variables
2 Calculated using independent t-test for quantitative variables and Chi-square test for qualitative variables