Table 2.
Anthropometric characteristics1
| Anthropometric index | Time | Group | P value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Capsule (N = 43) |
Placebo (N = 41) |
Acupuncture (N = 47) |
Sham acupuncture (N = 41) |
RM1 | RM2 | RM3 | ||
|
Weight (Kg) |
Before treatment | 78.75 (73.50, 88.80) | 75 (70, 83.90) | 72.20 (70, 77.20) | 79.70 (66, 84.40) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.024 |
| After 4 weeks | 77 (72, 85.10) | 71.50 (69, 83) | 70.90 (68.70, 77.70) | 82.20 (68.50, 85) | ||||
| After 8 weeks | 78.55 (71.70, 84.20) | 73.75 (69, 83.30) | 71.40 (67, 75.70) | 83.20 (69, 86) | ||||
| MD1 | -1.21 (-1.75, -0.67)*** | 1.07 (-0.08, 2.23) | -1.04 (-1.48, -0.61)*** | 1.61 (1.31, 1.91)*** | ||||
| MD2 | -1.23 (-2.02, -0.44)** | 1.80 (0.51, 3.09)** | -2.16 (-2.71, -1.60)*** | 2.33 (2.07, 2.59)*** | ||||
| Within group repeated measures | 0.001 | 0.028 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
|
BMI (Kg/m2) |
Before treatment | 28.43 (26.96, 29.07) | 28.04 (27.27, 29.17) | 28.87 (27.30, 29.52) | 29.13 (28.60, 29.33) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.011 |
| After 4 weeks | 28.18 (26.20, 28.84) | 28.04 (26.95, 28.89) | 28.60 (27, 28.97) | 29.62 (28.61, 30.44) | ||||
| After 8 weeks | 27.98 (26.57, 28.97) | 28.57 (27.54, 29.10) | 28.13 (26.38, 28.73) | 29.76 (28.96, 30.67) | ||||
| MD1 | -0.42 (-0.61, -0.23)*** | 0.38 (-0.04, 0.82) | -0.38 (-0.53, -0.22)*** | 0.64 (0.52, 0.76)*** | ||||
| MD2 | -0.42 (-0.68, -0.15)** | 0.66 (0.16, 1.15)** | -0.81 (-1.02, -0.60)*** | 0.90 (0.79, 1.02)*** | ||||
| Within group repeated measures | 0.001 | 0.039 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
|
Chest Circumference (cm) |
Before treatment | 102.75 (100, 108.50) | 105.75 (100, 109) | 102 (99, 107) | 99 (89, 104) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.442 |
| After 4 weeks | 102 (97, 105) | 104 (101, 108) | 101 (97, 106) | 100 (88, 104) | ||||
| After 8 weeks | 101.50 (96, 103) | 104 (101, 108) | 100 (97.50, 105) | 102 (88, 105) | ||||
| MD1 | -1.65 (-2.46, -0.83)** | 0.71 (-0.12, 1.55) | -2.05 (-2.83, -1.27)*** | 0.05 (0.14, 0.24) | ||||
| MD2 | -2.48 (-3.45, -1.50)*** | 0.83 (0.01, 1.65) | -2.20 (-2.79, -1.62)*** | 0.73 (0.41, 1.06)*** | ||||
| Within group repeated measures | < 0.001 | 0.063 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
|
Arm Circumference (cm) |
Before treatment | 34 (32, 36) | 34 (30, 36) | 35 (32, 37) | 31 (30, 32) | 0.614 | < 0.001 | 0.003 |
| After 4 weeks | 34 (32, 35.50) | 33 (31, 36) | 33.50 (31.50, 35.50) | 32 (30, 32) | ||||
| After 8 weeks | 33 (32, 35) | 33 (30, 36) | 32.50 (30.50, 34.50) | 31.50 (30, 32) | ||||
| MD1 | 0.01 (-1.54, 1.58) | 0.66 (-0.08, 1.42) | -1.40 (-1.75, -1.06)*** | 0.19 (0.04, 0.34)** | ||||
| MD2 | -0.11 (-1.87, 1.64)* | 0.38 (-0.47, 1.24) | -2.18 (-2.56, -1.81)*** | 0.19 (0.09, 0.30)** | ||||
| Within group repeated measures | 0.918 | 0.177 | < 0.001 | 0.004 | ||||
|
Wrist Circumference (cm) |
Before treatment | 17 (16, 18) | 17 (16.25, 19) | 16 (16, 18) | 16 (15, 17.50) | 0.303 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| After 4 weeks | 17.50 (16.50, 18) | 17 (16, 18) | 16 (15.50, 17) | 16.3 (15, 17.70) | ||||
| After 8 weeks | 17 (16, 18) | 17 (16, 18) | 16 (15.50, 17) | 16 (15, 18) | ||||
| MD1 | 0.25 (-0.17, 0.67) | -0.11 (-0.44, 0.20) | -0.52 (-0.70, -0.35)*** | 0.13 (0.02, 0.07)*** | ||||
| MD2 | 0.00 (-0.34, 0.34) | 0.09 (-0.51, 0.70) | -0.64 (-0.85, -0.42)*** | 0.21 (0.03, 0.14)*** | ||||
| Within group repeated measures | 0.234 | 0.648 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
|
Waist Circumference (cm) |
Before treatment | 97.50 (92, 107) | 96 (90, 104.50) | 100 (94, 107.50) | 97 (92, 107) | 0.032 | < 0.001 | 0.355 |
| After 4 weeks | 95.50 (90, 107) | 97 (88, 103) | 95 (90, 102) | 98 (94, 110) | ||||
| After 8 weeks | 94.25 (90, 103) | 98 (92, 104) | 97 (91, 102) | 98.50 (94, 112) | ||||
| MD1 | -1.78 (-3.42, -0.15)* | -0.61 (-4.93, 3.69) | -3.00 (-4.34, -1.65)*** | 1.87 (1.63, 2.11)*** | ||||
| MD2 | -2.72 (-4.17, -1.27)** | 2.09 (0.08, 4.10)* | -2.49 (-4.14, -0.83)** | 2.37 (2.01, 2.73)*** | ||||
| Within group repeated measures | 0.003 | 0.267 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
|
Hip Circumference (cm) |
Before treatment | 108.50 (103, 113) | 109 (104, 112) | 111 (106, 115) | 104 (102, 108) | 0.454 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
| After 4 weeks | 108 (103, 114) | 106 (104, 109) | 108 (105, 111) | 105 (103, 109) | ||||
| After 8 weeks | 108 (104, 113.50) | 106 (103, 110) | 107.50 (105, 111) | 105 (103, 110) | ||||
| MD1 | -0.17 (-1.67, -1.32) | -1.09 (-2.14, -0.04) | -2.44 (-3.08, -1.79)*** | 1.21 (1.06, 1.37)*** | ||||
| MD2 | -0.50 (-1.49, -0.49) | -0.57 (-1.74, 0.60) | -2.70 (-3.46, -1.95)*** | 1.21 (0.99, 1.44)*** | ||||
| Within group repeated measures | 0.603 | 0.169 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
|
Leg Circumference (cm) |
Before treatment | 56.25 (51, 60.50) | 57 (53, 60.50) | 56 (54.50, 60) | 53 (52, 55) | 0.752 | < 0.001 | 0.266 |
| After 4 weeks | 56.50 (52, 60) | 55 (53, 63) | 55 (53, 59) | 52 (52, 56) | ||||
| After 8 weeks | 56 (50, 58) | 55 (53.50, 63) | 55 (53, 56.50) | 53 (52, 56) | ||||
| MD1 | -0.88 (-1.82, -0.05) | 0.54 (-5.43, 6.52) | -1.62 (-2.46, -0.77)*** | -0.14 (-0.33, 0.04) | ||||
| MD2 | -2.01 (-3.11, -0.92)** | 0.90 (-5.40, 3.59) | -3.00 (-3.80, -2.19)*** | 0.28 (0.12, 0.43)** | ||||
| Within group repeated measures | 0.001 | 0.826 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||||
| Waist/Hip ratio | Before treatment | 0.93 (0.85, 0.96) | 0.88 (0.82, 0.96) | 0.89 (0.87, 0.93) | 0.92 (0.90, 1.03) | 0.046 | 0.120 | 0.145 |
| After 4 weeks | 0.91 (0.80, 0.95) | 0.90 (0.83, 0.98) | 0.89 (0.86, 0.93) | 0.92 (0.92, 1.05) | ||||
| After 8 weeks | 0.88 (0.81, 0.96) | 0.93 (0.85, 0.98) | 0.92 (0.87, 0.93) | 0.92 (0.91, 1.05) | ||||
| MD1 | -0.01 (-0.02, -0.00)* | 0.00 (-0.04, 0.04) | -0.00 (-0.02, 0.00) | 0.00 (0.00, 0.00)*** | ||||
| MD2 | -0.02 (-0.03, -0.00)** | 0.02 (0.00, 0.04)* | 0.00 (-0.01, 0.01) | 0.01 (0.00, 0.01)*** | ||||
| Within group repeated measures | 0.009 | 0.344 | 0.428 | < 0.001 | ||||
1 Data is represented by median (Q1, Q3), MD1: mean difference from baseline after 4 weeks; MD2: mean difference from baseline after 8 weeks; RM1: repeated measures comparing capsule and placebo; RM2: repeated measures comparing acupuncture and sham acupuncture; RM3: repeated measures comparing capsule and acupuncture; * P<0.05, ** P<0.01, *** P<0.001