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. 2024 Nov 26;15:10232. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-54145-w

Fig. 1. Overview of tumor heterogeneity in triple-negative breast cancer.

Fig. 1

Previous studies using bulk RNA seq analysis of TNBC patients have identified five molecular subtypes: luminal androgen receptor, mesenchymal, mesenchymal stem-like, basal-like, and immunomodulatory. These subtypes are associated with distinct tumor microenvironments, characterized by variations in the rate of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, spatial immune organization (TIME classification), the presence or absence of tertiary lymphoid structures, and different types of cancer-associated fibroblasts. Figure 1 was partly generated using Servier Medical Art, provided by Servier (https://smart.servier.com/), licensed under Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). BL basal-like, CAF cancer-associated fibroblast, detox-iCAF detoxification pathway inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblast S1, ecm-myCAF extracellular matrix myofibroblastic cancer-associated fibroblast S1, DC dendritic cell, FI full inflamed, iCAF inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblast S1, ID immune desert, IFNγ-iCAF interferon gamma signaling pathway cancer-associated fibroblast S1, IL-iCAF IL pathway inflammatory cancer-associated fibroblast S1, IM immunomodulatory, LAR luminal androgen receptor, M mesenchymal, MR margin restricted, MSL mesenchymal stem-like, myCAF myofibroblastic cancer-associated fibroblast, SR stroma restricted, TGFβ-myCAF TGFbeta signaling pathway myofibroblastic cancer-associated fibroblast S1, TILs tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, TIME Tumor Immune Micro-Environment, TLS tertiary lymphoid structure, wound-myCAF wound healing myofibroblastic cancer-associated fibroblast S1.