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. 2024 Nov 26;14:29302. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-78844-y

Table 1.

Characteristics of mother–child pairs in the microbiota study and in the entire Chiba Study of mother and child health cohort of participants.

Microbiota study participants (106 pairs) Entire cohort (434 pairs)
Mother
 Age (years) 33 (23–41) 33 (19–43)
 Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) 20.7 (16.0–29.3) 20.6 (16.0–30.8)
 Delivery mode (vaginal/cesarean) (%) 74 (86%)/12 (14%) 292 (86%)/46 (14%)
Child
 Sex (male/female) (%) 41 (43%)/54 (57%) 196 (52%)/182 (48%)
 Birth height (cm) 49 (44–55) 50 (44–55)
 Birth weight (g) 3034 (2132–3878) 3068 (2132–4372)
 1st month’s diet (breastmilk/mixed/formula/unknown) (%) 41 (39%)/18 (17%)/1 (1%)/46 (43%) 138 (32%)/131 (30%)/8 (2%)/157 (36%)
 Antibiotic use (yes/no/unknown) (%) 40 (37%)/7 (7%)/59 (56%) 170 (39%)/47 (11%)/217 (50%)

*Values are shown as median (minimum–maximum) or number of participants (%).

BMI, body mass index.

1st month’s diet, Nutritional practices of children at one month of age.