Table 1.
Study participant demographics, baseline characteristics, hospital complications, and outcomes
| Included patients (N = 375) | Excluded patients (N = 108) | P-valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | |||
| Age | 58 (49–68) | 54 (48–63) | 0.144 |
| Female sex | 240 (64) | 53 (49) | 0.007 |
| Arterial hypertension | 160 (43) | 26 (24) | < 0.001 |
| Smoking history | 138 (37) | 24 (23) | 0.007 |
| Admission variables | |||
| Admission Hunt & Hess score | |||
| 1 | 82 (22) | 67 (62) | < 0.001 |
| 2 | 68 (18) | 20 (19) | |
| 3 | 79 (21) | 5 (5) | |
| 4 | 34 (9) | 0 (0) | |
| 5 | 112 (30) | 16 (15) | |
| Loss of consciousness at onset | 166 (44) | 18 (17) | < 0.001 |
| Modified Fisher Score on admission | 4 (3–4) | 2 (1–3) | < 0.001 |
| Intraparenchymal bleeding | 81 (22) | 11 (10) | 0.008 |
| SEBES score | 1 (0–3) | 0 (0–1) | < 0.001 |
| Hijdra intraventricular sum score | 3 (0–6) | 0 (0–3) | < 0.001 |
| Aneurysm detected | 318 (85) | 43 (40) | < 0.001 |
| Aneurysm treatment | |||
| Coiling | 205 (55) | 27 (25) | < 0.001 |
| Clipping | 102 (27) | 3 (3) | |
| No intervention (no aneurysm) | 55 (15) | 69 (64) | |
| No intervention (withhold therapy) | 13 (4) | 9 (8) | |
| Withdrawn therapy during ICU stay | 31 (8) | 5 (5) | 0.297 |
| Hospital complications | |||
| Hydrocephalus requiring external ventricular drain | 213 (57) | 9 (8) | < 0.001 |
| Mechanical ventilation during ICU stay | 328 (88) | 36 (33) | < 0.001 |
| Ventilated days | 8 (1–19) | 0 (0–1) | < 0.001 |
| Large-vessel vasospasm | 195 (52) | 16 (15) | < 0.001 |
| Delayed cerebral ischemia | 78 (21) | 5 (5) | < 0.001 |
| Sepsis/bacteremia | 57 (15) | 1 (1) | < 0.001 |
| Pneumonia | 168 (45) | 5 (5) | < 0.001 |
| Ventriculitis | 49 (13) | 0 (0) | < 0.001 |
| Urinary tract infection | 98 (26) | 14 (13) | 0.004 |
| Outcomes | |||
| ICU length of stay, days | 19 (11–31) | 8 (3–12) | < 0.001 |
| Hospital mortality | 65 (17) | 21 (20) | 0.669 |
| 3-month functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale)b | |||
| 0 | 62 (17) | 45 (42) | < 0.001 |
| 1 | 76 (21) | 30 (28) | |
| 2 | 52 (14) | 10 (9) | |
| 3 | 32 (9) | 0 (0) | |
| 4 | 28 (8) | 0 (0) | |
| 5 | 37 (10) | 0 (0) | |
| 6 | 74 (21) | 22 (21) | |
Data are given in n (%) or median (IQR)
Bold numbers signify statistical differences
ICU intensive care unit, IQR interquartile range, SEBES Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Early Brain Edema Score
aDifferences across the included and excluded patients were calculated with the Mann–Whitney U-test, t-test, or the Fisher’s exact test, as appropriate
b15 patients were lost to 3-month follow-up