Table 2.

Characteristics of reviews included in the rapid overview of systematic reviews.

References	Aim of the review	Review eligibility criteria			Search period	Outcomes (units of measurement)a	Synthesis methodb
		Study designs included	Population and setting	Intervention strategy(ies) tested
Appleton et al. 33	To identify and synthesise the current evidence for the use of repeated exposure and conditioning strategies for increasing vegetable liking and consumption	Between‐group or within‐group studies	No restrictions on population or setting	Repeated taste‐based exposure; Taste‐based conditioning strategies	Inception to February 2018	Vegetable consumption (NR)	Meta‐analysis
Broers et al. 34	To test the effects of nudging to encourage people to select more fruits and vegetables	Experimental or cross‐sectional studies	No restrictions on population or setting	Nudging	Inception to December 2016	Vegetable choice (grams, servings); Vegetable sales (voucher sales, food sales)	Meta‐analysis
Dabravolskaj et al. 35	To examine the effectiveness of school‐based intervention types perceived by Canadian stakeholders in health and education as feasible, acceptable and sustainable in terms of improving physical activity (PA), fruit and vegetable intake and body weight	Comparative studies	Children and adolescents (4–18 years) School	Obesity prevention interventions	January 2012 to January 2020	Vegetable consumption (servings/day, times/day)	Meta‐analysis
de Medeiros et al. 29	To evaluate the effects of school‐based food and nutrition education interventions on adolescent food consumption	RCTs	Adolescents (10–19 years) School	Education	Inception to June 2019	Vegetable consumption (times/week)	Meta‐analysis
Diep et al. 36	To test the hypotheses that interventions clearly based on theory, multiple theories or a formal intervention planning process will be more effective in changing fruit and vegetable consumption among children than interventions with no behavioural theoretical foundation	Comparative studies	Children and adolescents (2–18 years) NR	Behaviour change techniques	1989–2013	Vegetable consumption (NR)	Meta‐analysis
Hendrie et al. 30	To identify intervention characteristics associated with increasing consumption of vegetables in children (2–12 years)	Prospective studies	Children (2–12 years) Home and community settings	No restrictions	2004 to June 2014	Vegetable consumption (grams, servings, times/day); Vegetable provision (number of vegetables available or served); Vegetable purchasing (shopping receipts)	Quantitative (% change)
Jabbari et al. 37	To systematically examine the effects of community‐based interventions on fruit and vegetable consumption in adults	RCTs or non‐RCTs	Adults (≥18 years) Community	NR	January 2000 to July 2021	Vegetable consumption (servings/day)	Meta‐analysis
Micha et al. 38	To systematically review and quantify the impact of school food environment policies on dietary habits, adiposity and metabolic risk in children	RCTs or quasi‐experimental studies	Children and adolescents (2–18 years) School	School food environment policies	Inception to December 2017	Vegetable consumption (reported intakes), or sales/purchase data as proxy for consumption)	Meta‐analysis
Mingay et al. 39	To examine interventions in secondary schools that provide a routine meal service and the impact on adolescents' food behaviours, health and dining experience in this setting	RCTs, non‐RCTs or single‐group pre–post studies	Adolescents (10–19 years) School	Food provision	Inception to December 2021	Vegetable consumption (% of serve consumed of a meal component by students, mean number of serves consumed per student/day); Vegetable selection (% of students selecting a meal component mean number of serves selected per student/day)	Meta‐analysis
Nathan et al. 40	To assess the effectiveness of lunchbox interventions aiming to improve the foods and beverages packed and consumed by children at centre‐based care or school and subsequent impact on children's adiposity	RCTs or non‐RCTs	Children and adolescents (2–18 years) Home	Lunchbox interventions	1995 to January 2017	Vegetable consumption or provision (serves, portions or grams)	Meta‐analysis
Nekitsing et al. 41	To identify the most successful strategies to enhance vegetable intake in preschool children aged 2–5 years	No restrictions	Children (2–5 years) No restrictions	No restrictions	2005 to January 2016	Vegetable consumption (grams, observations, FFQ score)	Meta‐analysis
Neves et al. 42	To evaluate the efficacy of randomised clinical trials of nutritional interventions in food habits among older people	RCTs	Older adults (≥60 years) NR	Educational interventions	Inception to October 2018	Vegetable consumption (NR)	Meta‐analysis
Nour et al. 43	To evaluate the efficacy and external validity of electronic (eHealth) and mobile phone (mHealth)‐based interventions that promote vegetable intake in young adults	RCTs	Young adults (18–35 years) NR	Digital – eHealth and mHealth interventions	1990 to August 2015	Vegetable consumption (servings, cups, frequency or percentage consumption)	Meta‐analysis
Nury et al. 44	To examine the effects of different nutritional intervention strategies in the school setting on anthropometric and quality of diet outcomes by comparing and ranking outcomes in a network meta‐analysis	Cluster RCTs	Children and adolescents 4–18 years School	Nutritional interventions; no restrictions	Inception to May 2022	Vegetable consumption (grams, portions, cups, pieces or servings)	Meta‐analysis
Peñalvo et al. 45	To comprehensively study the effectiveness of multi‐component worksite wellness programmes for improving diet and cardiometabolic risk factors	RCTs or quasi‐experimental studies	Employed individuals Workplace	Multi‐component workplace wellness programmes	January 1990 to June 2020	Vegetable consumption (servings/day)	Meta‐analysis
Pineda et al. 46	To assess the effectiveness of interventions on the food environment within and around schools to improve dietary intake and prevent childhood obesity	NR	School‐aged children and adolescents (≤19 years) School	Obesity prevention or healthy eating interventions	Inception to January 2020	Vegetable consumption (NR); Vegetable purchasing (NR)	Meta‐analysis
Touyz et al. 47	To examine the effectiveness of parent‐targeted in‐home interventions in increasing fruit and vegetable intake in children	RCTs, non‐RCTs or pre–post studies	Children (2–12 years) and their parents Home	Parent‐targeted; no restrictions	January 2000 to August 2016	Vegetable consumption (grams or servings/day)	Meta‐analysis
Vaughan et al. 48	To investigate the impact of school‐based cooking classes on cooking skills, food literacy and vegetable intake of children aged 4–12 years	RCTs, cluster RCTs or quasi‐experimental studies	Children (4–12 years) School	Practical nutrition education classes	January 2001 to December 2021	Vegetable consumption (servings/day, intake score, number of days vegetables consumed at supper)	Meta‐analysis
Yang et al. 49	To synthesise the characteristics of blended interventions and meta‐analyse the effectiveness of blended interventions in promoting PA‐, diet‐ and weight‐related outcomes among adults	RCTs or cluster RCTs	Adults (≥18 years) NR	Face‐to‐face and eHealth blended interventions	January 2002 to July 2022	Vegetable consumption (NR)	Meta‐analysis
Yoong et al. 50	To assess the effectiveness of healthy eating interventions delivered in ECEC settings for improving dietary intake in children aged 6 months to 6 years, relative to usual care, no intervention or an alternative, non‐dietary intervention	RCTs including cluster RCTs, stepped‐wedge RCTs, factorial RCTs, multiple baseline RCTs and randomised crossover trials	Children (6 months–6 years) Early childhood education and care settings	Healthy eating interventions	Inception to February 2022	Vegetable consumption (servings, portions, times, weight)	Meta‐analysis

Abbreviations: FFQ, food frequency questionnaire; mo, months; NR, not reported; RCT, randomised controlled trial.

^a Only outcomes relevant to the aim of this rapid review were extracted, that is, vegetable intake or purchase.

^b Where the synthesis method differed between outcomes, the synthesis method for the analysis of vegetables was extracted.