Table 3.
Narrative synthesis of the main effects of interventions on measures of vegetable consumption or purchase reported in the included systematic review articles, by setting.
| References | Total no. of primary articles (no. reporting on vegetables) | Setting | Overall findingsa | Risk of bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yoong et al. 50 | 52 (17) | Early childhood education and care settings | Early childhood education and care‐based healthy eating interventions increased vegetable consumption compared with the usual practice/control group | Low |
| Dabravolskaj et al. 35 | 83 (14) | School | No obesity prevention interventions showed a statistically significant effect on vegetable consumption | Low |
| de Medeiros et al. 29 | 24 (9) | School | Food and nutrition education interventions in schools led to a positive and significant effect on the consumption of vegetables for the intervention group | Low |
| Micha et al. 38 | 91 (11) | School | No pooled analysis was undertaken; findings were separated by intervention type and setting | Low |
| Mingay et al. 39 | 39 (18) | School | Modifying food service practices improved students' consumption and selection of vegetables | Low |
| Pineda et al. 46 | 100 (13) | School | Interventions on the food environment that focus on obesity prevention and healthy eating showed no significant change in vegetable consumption | High |
| Nury et al. 44 | 51 (13) | School | Nutritional interventions showed a moderate increase in vegetable consumption compared with a control group | Low |
| Vaughan et al. 48 | 21 (7) | School | Practical nutrition education classes showed a small, but significant effect on vegetable consumption | High |
| Jabbari et al. 37 | 21 (9) | Community | Community‐based interventions (regardless of their types) significantly increased vegetable consumption compared to the control groups | Low |
| Hendrie et al. 30 | 22 (22) | Home and community | Interventions that targeted children's vegetable consumption in the home or community settings were generally effectiveb | Low |
| Nathan et al. 40 | 10 (5) | Home | Lunchbox interventions led to a moderate increase in provision of vegetables | Low |
| Touyz et al. 47 | 20 (12) | Home | No pooled analysis was undertaken; findings were separated by intervention type | High |
| Peñalvo et al. 45 | 121 (20) | Workplace | Multi‐component workplace wellness programmes showed no significant benefit for vegetable consumption | Low |
| Appleton et al. 33 | 43 (43) | No restrictions | No pooled analysis was undertaken; findings were separated by intervention type | Low |
| Broers et al. 34 | 20 (6) | No restrictions | Nudging interventions produced a small but significant effect on vegetable choice | High |
| Diep et al. 36 | 29 (16) | Not reported | Interventions that used behaviour change procedures had a large and significantly greater impact on vegetable consumption than control conditions | Low |
| Nekitsing et al. 41 | 30 (30) | No restrictions | Strategies to increase vegetable consumption in preschool children had a small to moderate significant effect on vegetable consumption, compared with the control group | High |
| Neves et al. 42 | 11 (4) | Not reported | Nutritional education programmes were effective in increasing vegetable consumption in older adults | High |
| Nour et al. 43 | 14 (6) | Not reported | Digital interventions showed a negligible effect on changing vegetable consumption | Low |
| Yang et al. 49 | 17 (5) | Not reported | Face‐to‐face and eHealth blended interventions did not significantly increase vegetable consumption compared with the control group | Low |
a
Bold text indicates a significant effect on vegetable intake.
b
Statistical significance was not tested.