Table 1.

Results of Meta-Analyses Testing Heterogeneity of Treatment Effects by Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) (N = 30)

Articles	No. SDOH Moderator Analyses	AMSTAR-2	Outcome	Race/Ethnicity	Income	Education	Gender	Housing	Intervention Setting	Other
93 BCT version (Michie et al., 2013)
Harkin et al., 2016	1	0.47	HB, Goal attainment				NS, NS
26 BCT version (Abraham & Michie, 2008)
McEwan et al., 2016	1	0.63	PA				NS		-
Michie et al., 2009	4	0.47	PA, Diet		NS		NS		NS	Locationa: NS
Tyson et al., 2014	2	0.39	Condom use, Attitudes				NS, NS			Locationb: NS,+
Dombrowski et al., 2012	1	0.38	Weight						+
Communication-Based Influence Components Model (Cugelman et al.)
Cugelman et al., 2011	1	0.31	HB				+
Other BCT version
Bartlett et al., 2014	1	0.44	Smoking						-
No BCT version utilized
Chamberlain et al., 2017	1	0.88	Smoking		NS
Farmer et al., 2012	1	0.69	Glycemic control				NS
Demonceau et al., 2013	1	0.66	MED ADH				NS
Zhu et al., 2016	1	0.66	Glucose							Locationc: NS
Bolen et al., 2014	2	0.63	HBA1c						NS	Locationd: +
Ruppar et al., 2017	2	0.59	MED ADH	NS			NS
Lim et al., 2015	1	0.56	Weight						NS
Scott-Sheldon et al., 2014	2	0.53	Alcohol	-			NS
Tanner-Smith & Lipsey, 2015	3	0.47	Alcohol	+e			NS		NS
Bray et al., 2010	1	0.47	BP				NS
Conn et al., 2015	4	0.44	MED ADH	NS	-		+		NS
Conn et al., 2009	4	0.41	MED ADH		NS	NSf	+		NS
Higgins et al., 2014	1	0.38	PA, Exercise				+,−
Chase et al., 2016	5	0.33	MED ADH	NS	NS		NS		NS	Locationg: NS
Conn & Ruppar, 2017	6	0.31	MED ADH	NS	NS	NS f	NS	-	-
Epton et al., 2015	2	0.31	Acceptance, Intentions, HB	NS, NS,+			NS,NS,NS
Bravata et al., 2007	2	0.31	PA	NS			NS
Conn et al., 2011	4	0.28	PA	NS		NS	NS		NS
Conn et al., 2008	3	0.28	PA	NS	NSa		NS
Albarracin et al., 2008	5	0.08	Condom use, HIV-related knowledge	−, −		−, +	−, +		Clinich: −, + Communityh: NS, −	Locationi: +, −
St Amand et al., 2008	2	0.08	Child sexual behavior	NS			NS
Blank
Sheeran et al., 2016	2	0.50	Intentions, HB	NS			NS
Cristea et al., 2016	1	0.44	Alcohol, Smoking						NS

Note. NS: No statistically significant differences between groups; +Larger effect sizes in SDOH category (minority group); - Smaller effect sizes in SDOH category (minority group). MED ADH= medication adherence; HB= health behaviors; HBA1c= Hemoglobin A1C. No analyses conducted for heterogeneity of treatment effects by occupation, unemployment status, rural/urban setting, sexual/gender minority status, linguistic minority, access to care, and discrimination/racism. Outcomes reflect primary outcomes for SDOH analyses.

^aStudy location specified as European country vs. All others; UK vs. All others; US vs. All others;

^bStudy location specified as developing country v. developed country;

^cStudy location specified as Asia v. Europe;

^dStudy location specified as US, Europe, or Canada vs all else.

^eThese findings were driven by four studies including only racial/ethnic minority youth.

^fLiteracy was used to identify level of education;

^gStudy location specified as North America vs Not North America;

^hResults for samples comprised of 50% or more Latinos or Latin Americans;

ⁱStudy location specified as Latin America v. U.S.