Table 2.

Trial Characteristics of Psychological Interventions for Prevalent Sleep-Wake Disorders (N =56)

Article	Primary Intervention	Sleep disorder or disturbance	Determination	Delivery Modality	Comparator	N Tx/Ctrl	Trial Design	Duration (Intervention/FU)
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
75. Herbert et al., 2017	VTC-ACT	-	Potential	Video teleconferencing	In person ACT	64/65	2 arm RCT	8w/6m
76. Lang et al., 2017	ACT	-	Probable	In Person (1:1)	Present-Centered Therapy	80/80	2 arm RCT	12w/3,6,9,12m
77. Mosher et al., 2018	ACT	-	Probable	Telephone	Education/Support	23/24	2 arm RCT	6w/8,12w post-baseline
Behavioral Therapy
63,64. Berger et al., 2009a,b1	BT	-	Potential	In Person (1:1)	Healthy Eating	88/85	2 arm RCT	1m/90,365d
69. Gebara et al., 2019	BBTI	Insomnia	Definite	In Person (1:1) and telephone sessions	Wait-list	6/5	2 arm RCT	4w/4w
65. Germain et al., 2012	BT,IRT	Nightmares + Poor Sleep Quality	Definite	In Person (1:1) and telephone sessions	Medication Arms (Placebo or Prazosin)	17/ Ctrl.1 18, Ctrl.2 15	3 arm RCT	8w/4m
66. Germain et al., 2014	BT	Insomnia	Definite	In Person (1:1) and telephone sessions	Sleep Education	20/20	2 arm RCT	4w/6m
67. Johnson et al., 2016	M-BET	Nocturia	Definite	In person or telephone (1:1)	Standard drug therapy for nocturia (α- blocker) and combined M-BET + α-blocker	23 / Ctrl.1 25, Ctrl.2 24	3 arm RCT	10w/12w post-baseline
70. Lee et al., 2020	BT	-	Potential	In Person (1) and telephone sessions	Attention control group (dietary strategies)	25/26	2 arm RCT	4w/1,2,3m
68. Martin et al., 2017	BT	-	Potential	-	Sleep Education	21/21	2 arm RCT	4w/4m
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
71. Brenes et al., 2016	CBT	-	Probable	Telephone and workbook	Nondirective Supportive TherapyTelephone	70/71	2 arm RCT	11w/4,9,15m post-randomization
72. Heapy et al., 2017	IVR-CBT	-	Potential	Telephone	In-person CBT	62/63	2 arm RCT	10w/3,6,9m
73. Stanley et al., 2016	CBT	-	Probable	In person (1:1 first session) and patient preference (telephone or in person)	Community Resources and Emotional Support	20/20	2 arm RCT	3m/-
74. Stanley et al., 2018	CBT	-	Probable	Patient preference (telephone or in person) and telephone booster sessions	Enhanced Community Care with Resource Counseling	70/64	2 arm RCT	6m/9m
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia
35. Alessi et al., 2016	CBT-I	Insomnia	Definite	In person (smallgroups of 3–5 ppl or 1:1)	Sleep Education	106/53	2 arm RCT	6w/6,12m
50. Cain et al., 2019	CBT-I	Insomnia	Definite	In Person (Group) and online	Group prenatal visits	27/26	2 arm RCT	7w/-
51. Chakravorty et al., 2019	CBT-I	Insomnia	Definite	In Person (1:1)	Usual Care	11/11	2 arm RCT	8w/3,6m
36. Drake et al., 2019	CBT-I	Insomnia	Definite	In person	Sleep Hygiene, Sleep Restriction	50/50,50	3 arm RCT	6w/6m
37. Edinger & Sampson, 2003	CBT-I	Insomnia	Definite	In Person (1:1) and take-home audiocassettes and educational materials	Sleep Hygiene	10/9	2 arm RCT	2w/3m after treatment
38. Edinger et al., 2009	CBT-I	Insomnia	Definite	In Person (1:1)	Sleep Hygiene	41/40	2 arm RCT	8w/6m
39. Epstein & Dirksen, 2007	CBT-I	Insomnia	Definite	In Person (Group) and telephone sessions	Sleep Education and Hygiene	34/38	2 arm RCT	6w/2w posttreatment
40. Fiorentino et al., 2010	CBT-I	Insomnia	Definite	In Person (1:1)	Delayed Treatment	6/8	2 arm RCT	6w/6w posttreatment
41. Fung et al., 2016	CBT-I	Insomnia	Definite	In Person (1:1 and Group)	Sleep Education	-	2 arm RCT	6w/6m and 12m post-baseline
52. Kalmbach et al., 2019	CBT-I	Insomnia	Definite	In Person (1:1)	Sleep Hygiene, Sleep Restriction	50/50	3 arm RCT	6w/2w,6m
42. Laurel Franklin et al., 2018	Telephone based CBT-I	Insomnia	Definite	Telephone	In person CBT-I	11/7	2 arm RCT	8w/1,3m
54. Manber et al., 2019	CBT-I	Insomnia	Definite	In Person (1:1)	Modified Pseudo Desensitization Therapy for Insomnia	89/90	2 arm RCT	5w/-
43. Margolies et al., 2013	CBT-I, IRT	Insomnia	Definite	In Person (1:1)	Wait-list	20/20	2 arm RCT	6w/-
44. Matthews et al., 2014	CBT-I	Insomnia	Definite	In Person (1:1)	Behavioral Placebo Treatment	30/26	2 arm RCT	6w/3,6m
45. McCurry et al., 2016	Telephonebased CBT-I	Insomnia	Definite	Telephone (first session in person or telephone)	Menopause Education	53/53	2 arm RCT	8w/8,24w posttreatment
46. Palesh et al., 2018	BBT-CI	Insomnia	Definite	In person and telephone	Health Eating Education Learning	37/37	2 arm RCT	3–4w/1m
47. Pigeon et al., 2017	Brief CBT-I	Insomnia	Definite	In person and telephone	Sleep Hygiene	13/14	2 arm RCT	4w/3m posttreatment
53. Pigeon et al., 2019	Brief CBT-I	Insomnia	Definite	In Person (1:1)	Usual Care	24/26	2 arm RCT	6w/-
48. Scogin et al., 2018	Integrated CBTD+CBT-I	Insomnia	Definite	Video teleconferencing	Usual C are	22/18	2 arm RCT	10w/3m
49. Ulmer et al., 2011	CBT-I, IRT	Insomnia	Definite	In Person (1:1)	Usual Care	12/9	2 arm RCT	12w/10y
Cognitive Processing Therapy
78. Galovski et al., 2016	CPT,H	Insomnia	Definite	In Person (1:1)	Symptom monitoring control condition before beginning standard CPT	44/48	2 arm RCT	15w/3m posttreatment
79. Galovski et al., 2009	CPT	-	Probable	In Person (1:1)	Prolonged Exposure	54/54	2 arm RCT	6w/2w, 9m posttreatment
80. Gutner et al., 2013	CPT	-	Probable	In Person (1:1) and home practice assignments	Prolonged Exposure	81/90	2 arm RCT	6w/3,9m, longterm: 5 to 19y
Complementary and Alternative Therapy
55. Innes & Selfe, 2012	Y	RLS	Definite	In Person (Group) and home practice assignments	Educational film	10/10	2 arm RCT	8w/-
56. Irwin et al., 2017	TCC	Insomnia	Definite	In Person (Group)	CBT-I	45/45	2 arm RCT	3m/6,15m
61. Jamison et al., 2019	CART	-	Probable	In Person (1:1)	Wait-list	47/33	2 arm RCT	4w/1,6m
58. Nakamura et al., 2011	MBB	Poor sleep quality	Definite	-	Sleep Hygiene	35/28	2 arm RCT	2w/-
57. Nakamura et al., 2017	MBB	Poor sleep quality	Definite	In Person (Group)	Sleep Education	33/27	2 arm RCT	3w/3m
59. Nidich et al., 2016	TM	-	Potential	In Person (Group)	No-treatment	90/91	2 arm RCT	4m/4m
62. Porter et al., 2019	Y	-	Potential	In Person (1:1)	Social Support Group	43/20	2 arm RCT	8w/6m
60. Stoerkel et al., 2018	SCT	-	Potential	Audio-files	Usual Care	51/49	2 arm RCT	2w/2w
Elective Therapy
85. Alschuler et al., 2018	RI	-	Potential	Teleconference for groups and take-home materials	Wait-list	12/16	2 arm RCT	6w
86. Church et al., 2016	TAU,EFT	-	Probable	In Person (1:1)	Treatment as usual wait-list	12/9	2 arm RCT	6m/3,6m
87. Kahn et al., 2016	MR	-	Potential	Internet and mobile	MR + PREP for Strong Bonds program, PREP only, waitlist	40/MR+PREP 40; PREP 40; Waitlist Control 40	4 arm RCT	16w/8,16
Imagery Rehearsal Therapy
89. Cook et al., 2010	IRT	Nightmares+ Poor sleep quality	Definite	In Person (Group)	Sleep and Nightmare Management Treatment	61/63	2 arm RCT	6w/1,3,6m
90. Harb et al., 2019	IRT, CBT-I	Nightmares + Poor sleep quality	Definite	In Person (1:1)	CBT-I	53/55	2 arm RCT	6w3,6m
88. Krakow et al., 2001	IRT	Nightmares + Insomnia	Definite	In Person (Group)	Wait-list	88/80	2 arm RCT	6w/3,6m
Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction
81. Cash et al., 2015	MBSR	-	Potential	In Person (Group) and home practice assignments	Wait-list	51/40	2 arm RCT	8w/2m
82. Lengacher et al., 2015	MBSR	-	Potential	-	Usual Care	38/41	2 arm RCT	6w/12w
83. Shapiro et al., 2003	MBSR	-	Potential	In Person (Group)	Stress management	31/32	2 arm RCT	6w/3,9m
84. Witek Janusek et al., 2019	MBSR	-	Potential	In Person (Group)	Active Control	84/80	2 arm RCT	8w/1,6m
Problem-solving Therapy
91. Bedford et al., 2018	ePST	-	Potential	Online	Minimal contact	12/12	2 arm RCT	6w/12 following the initial treatment session

Note: Determination refers to the likelihood of the sleep disorder or disturbance based on review of the participant inclusion and exclusion criteria. Reference number precedes author name in Article column. ACT=Acceptance and Commitment Therapy; BBT-CI=Brief Behavioral Therapy for Cancer-Related Insomnia; BT=Behavioral Therapy; BTI-MV=Brief Behavioral Treatment of Insomnia; CBT=Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; CBT-I=Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia; CPT=Cognitive Processing Therapy; EFT=Clinical Emotional Freedom Techniques; ePST=computer guided Problem-Solving Treatment; H=Hypnosis; IRT=Imagery Rehearsal Therapy; Integrated CBT-D+CBT-I= Integrated CBT (CBT for depression and CBT for insomnia); IVR-CBT=Interactive voice response-based cognitive behavioral therapy; MBB=Mind-body Bridging; M-BET=Multicomponent behavioral combined with exercise therapy; MBSR=Mindfulness-based stress reduction; MR=Mission Reconnect program; RI=Resilience intervention; SCT=Self-care toolkit; TAU=Treatment as usual ; TCC=Tai Chi Chih; TM=Transcendental Meditation; VTC-ACT=Video teleconferencing Acceptance and Commitment Therapy; Y=Yoga.

Definite= directly assessed for and confirmed the existence of a sleep disorder or sleep disturbance and included this in the inclusion criteria; Probable=directly assessed for any sleep disturbance but did not include endorsement of a sleep disturbance as part of the inclusion criteria. Potential= sleep did not assess for a sleep disturbance but based on the scientific literature would likely have a sleep disturbance concomitant with the co-morbid health or mental health condition.

¹Values reported are from Berger et al., 2009b.