. 2024 Nov 27;24:1459. doi: 10.1186/s12885-024-13207-4

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of 356 PCa patients

Patient Characteristics	Training group (n = 118)	Validation group (n = 53)	Testing group (n = 185)	P value
Age at diagnosis (years)	68.53 ± 5.93	68.36 ± 6.44	69.87 ± 6.76	0.868^a/0.078^b/0.148^c
BMI (kg/m2)	23.86 ± 2.69	23.06 ± 2.62	23.83 ± 4.01	0.071^a/0.962^b/0.185^c
Initial PSA at diagnosis (ng/ml)	21.24 (8.09–97.04)	20.86 (6.20–48.87)	21.43 (6.46–54.67)	0.412^a/0.074^b/0.616^c
Pathological T stage				0.001^a/0.001^b/0.291^c
≤ pT2c	81 (68.64%)	22 (41.51%)	92 (49.72%)
≥ pT3	37 (31.36%)	31 (58.49%)	93 (50.27%)
ISUP grading group of surgical specimens				0.872^a/0.766^b/0.957^c
≤ 3	63 (53.39%)	29 (54.72%)	102 (55.13%)
>3	55 (46.61%)	24 (45.28%)	83 (44.97%)
Lymph nodes metastasis				0.281^a/0.603^b/0.109^c
Yes	13 (11.00%)	9 (17.00%)	17 (9.21%)
No	105 (89.00%)	44 (83.00%)	168 (90.89%)
Positive surgical margin				0.775^a/0.486^b/0.410^c
Yes	45 (38.14%)	19 (35.85%)	78 (42.17%)
No	73 (61.87%)	34 (64.15%)	107 (53.83%)
Peri-prostatic fat involvement				0.646^a/0.726^b/0.850^c
Yes	3 (2.54%)	2 (3.77%)	6 (3.25%)
No	115 (97.46%)	51 (96.23%)	179 (96.75%)
Perineal invasion				0.981^a/0.677^b/0.773^c
Yes	11 (9.32%)	5 (9.43%)	20 (11.85%)
No	107 (90.68%)	48 (90.57%)	165 (89.15%)
Lymphovascular invasion				0.686^a/0.704^b/0.484^c
Yes	16 (13.56%)	6 (11.32%)	27 (15.13%)
No	102 (86.44%)	47 (88.68%)	158 (84.86%)
Biochemical recurrence				0.160^a/0.521^b/0.318^c
Yes	36 (30.51%)	22 (41.51%)	63 (34.05%)
No	82 (69.49%)	31 (58.49%)	122 (65.95%)
Median Follow-up (months)	52.01 (44.61–59.41)	53 (47.07–59.22)	49.44 (44.16–54.84)

PCa Prostate cancer, BMI Body mass index, PSA Prostate-specific antigen, ISUP International Society of Urological Pathology

^aTraining group vs. Validation group

^bTraining group vs. Testing group

^cValidation group vs. Testing group