Table 1. Comparisons among all of the patients included in the study, those with obstructive sleep apnea, and those without obstructive sleep apnea.a .
| Variable | All patients (n = 50) | OSA (n = 38) | No OSA (n = 12) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 67.8 ± 8.3 | 67.8 ± 8.6 | 68.0 ± 7.4 | 0.932 |
| Male | 25 (50.0%) | 21 (55.3%) | 4 (33.3%) | 0.321 |
| Current or former smoker | 30 (60.0%) | 25 (65.8%) | 5 (41.7%) | 0.182 |
| ESS score | 3.0 (1.0-7.0) | 3.0 (1.0-7.0) | 3.5 (0.0-7.5) | 0.837 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.7 ± 4.1 | 27.2 ± 4.1 | 25.3 ± 4.0 | 0.164 |
| ILD | ||||
| HP | 26 (52.0%) | 20 (52.6%) | 6 (50.0%) | 1.000 |
| CTD-ILD | 7 (14.0%) | 6 (15.8%) | 1 (8.3%) | 1.000 |
| Idiopathic NSIP | 6 (12.0%) | 6 (15.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.314 |
| PPFE | 4 (8.0%) | 1 (2.6%) | 3 (25.0%) | 0.038 |
| Unclassifiable ILD | 4 (8.0%) | 3 (7.9%) | 1 (8.3%) | 1.000 |
| Sarcoidosis | 1 (2.0%) | 1 (2.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.000 |
| Organizing pneumonia | 1 (2.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (8.3%) | 0.240 |
| Desquamative interstitial pneumonia | 1 (2.0%) | 1 (2.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.314 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 10 (20.0%) | 9 (23.7%) | 1 (8.3%) | 0.416 |
| Arterial hypertension | 22 (44.0%) | 17 (44.7%) | 5 (41.7%) | 1.000 |
| Dyslipidemia | 30 (60.0%) | 22 (57.9%) | 8 (66.7%) | 0.740 |
| Stroke | 4 (8.0%) | 3 (7.9%) | 1 (8.3%) | 1.000 |
| Coronary artery disease | 3 (6.0%) | 3 (7.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.000 |
| Heart failure | 2 (4.0%) | 2 (5.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.000 |
| COPD | 5 (10.0%) | 4 (10.5%) | 1 (8.3%) | 1.000 |
| Asthma | 9 (18.0%) | 7 (18.4%) | 2 (16.7%) | 1.000 |
| Pulmonary function tests | ||||
| Awake SpO2, % | 97.0 (96.0-98.0) | 96.0 (96.0-97.5) | 98.0 (97.0-99.0) | 0.023 |
| FEV1/FVC ratio, % | 81.2 ± 8.1 | 82.3 ± 7.4 | 77.6 ± 9.3 | 0.079 |
| FEV1, % | 92.2 ± 18.0 | 92.8 ± 17.8 | 90.5 ± 19.5 | 0.706 |
| FVC, % | 89.0 ± 17.4 | 88.9 ± 18.2 | 89.6 ± 15.4 | 0.900 |
| TLC, % | 87.5 ± 20.4 | 84.0 ± 19.8 | 98.3 ± 19.2 | 0.033 |
| DLCO, % | 59.9 ± 16.2 | 59.0 ± 14.4 | 62.5 ± 21.4 | 0.515 |
| KCO, % | 81.2 ± 20.1 | 82.3 ± 21.4 | 77.6 ± 15.4 | 0.483 |
| HRCT pattern | ||||
| UIP | 10 (20.0%) | 6 (15.8%) | 4 (33.3%) | 0.225 |
| Probable UIP | 8 (16.0%) | 8 (21.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.173 |
| Indeterminate for UIP | 8 (16.0%) | 8 (21.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.173 |
| Alternative diagnosis | 24 (48.0%) | 16 (42.1%) | 8 (66.7%) | 0.190 |
| Extent of fibrosis > 10% | 33 (66.0%) | 26 (68.4%) | 7 (58.3%) | 0.728 |
| HSAT results | ||||
| Snoring, % | 6.4 (2.9-25.1) | 6.7 (3.2-25.5) | 5.7 (2.6-25.3) | 0.474 |
| AHI, events/h | 7.7 (4.8-18.7) | 14.3 (6.9-25.5) | 3.4 (1.8-3.7) | < 0.001 |
| Apnea index, events/h | 1.3 (0.2-6.3) | 2.0 (0.3-7.7) | 0.5 (0.0-1.1) | 0.006 |
| Hypopnea index, events/h | 6.8 (3.6-15.7) | 9.3 (6.1-16.8) | 2.2 (1.5-3.1) | < 0.001 |
| Obstructive events, events/h | 5.9 (2.6-14.3) | 6.8 (4.9-17.0) | 2.0 (1.2-2.7) | < 0.001 |
| Central events, events/h | 0.3 (0.0-2.1) | 0.3 (0.0-2.6) | 0.1 (0.0-0.8) | 0.330 |
| ODI | 9.3 (5.5-21.8) | 12.6 (8.2-26.0) | 3.7 (2.8-5.0) | < 0.001 |
| Mean nocturnal SpO2, % | 92.5 ± 2.1 | 92.3 ± 2.1 | 93.1 ± 2.1 | 0.267 |
| Minimum nocturnal SpO2, % | 83.5 ± 5.7 | 82.3 ± 5.8 | 87.2 ± 2.9 | < 0.001 |
| T90, % | 2.2 (0.2-12.9) | 2.8 (0.3-17.2) | 0.6 (0.0-9.5) | 0.169 |
| T90 scores > 20% | 9 (18.0%) | 8 (21.1%) | 1 (8.3%) | 0.425 |
OSA: obstructive sleep apnea; ESS: Epworth Sleepiness Scale; ILD: interstitial lung disease; HP: hypersensitivity pneumonitis; CTD-ILD: connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease; NSIP: nonspecific interstitial pneumonia; PPFE: pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis; KCO: carbon monoxide transfer coefficient; UIP: usual interstitial pneumonia; HSAT: home sleep apnea test; AHI: apnea-hypopnea index; ODI: oxygen desaturation index; and T90: total sleep time spent below an SpO2 of 90%. aValues expressed as mean ± SD, n (%), or median (IQR).